玉米籽粒机收影响因素及其栽培调控研究进展

全程机械化对玉米生产的发展具有非常重要的意义,而机械化收获是玉米全程机械化的重要环节,也是当前推进玉米全程机械化的难点。本文介绍了国内外玉米机械化发展的现状,分析了籽粒含水率、苞叶性状、茎秆特性与穗轴特性对玉米机收的影响,总结了行距、播期、收获时期、施氮量与密度等玉米机收栽培调控措施,并从宜机收品种筛选、收获机械研发与配套栽培技术研究等角度为玉米机械化收获的研究与发展提出了建议。

Influence Factors of Machine Harvest Maize Grains and the Cultivation Regulation: Research Progress

The whole-process mechanization is of great significance to the development of maize production. Harvest by machine is a crucial part of the whole-process mechanization of maize production, as well as the difficult point. The authors introduced the development status of maize mechanization at home and abroad, and analyzed the effects of the grain moisture content, bract leaf characters, stem characters and ear axis characters on machine harvest of maize. The cultivation regulation measures for machine harvest of maize was summarized, such as line spacing, sowing date, harvest time, nitrogen rate and density. Meanwhile, the authors put forward some suggestions on the research and development of machine harvest of maize in the perspectives of screening suitable varieties for machine harvest, researching and developing harvest machinery, and exploring supporting cultivation techniques.