河北省中南部苹果园土壤养分的消长及分布

 研究了河北省中南部苹果园1993年和2003年土壤养分的状况及分布特性。结果表明: 经过10年, 0～20 cm苹果园土壤有机质和全氮分别平均增加了2.548、0.317 g·kg^{- 1} ; 碱解氮、速效磷(Olsen-P) 、速效钾分别增加了17.1、122.3、279.5 mg·kg^{- 1} ; 有效铁、锌、锰分别增加了9.2、1.9、10.5 mg·kg^{- 1} , 差异均达极显著水平; 土壤有效铜有所增加, 差异达显著水平。苹果园土壤养分主要在0～40 cm土层积累, 40～80 cm土层也有不同程度的增加, 随着土壤深度的增加各养分积累量逐渐减少; 随着离树干距离的增加, 土壤养分积累量也逐渐减少; 各养分积累量为Olsen-P >速效钾>碱解氮>全氮和有机质。

The Change of Soil Nutrition and the Status of Distribution in the Apple Orchard in the South and Central Part of Hebei Province

The change of soil nutrition in 1993 to 2003 yearwas surveyed. The status and distribution of soil nutrition in the apple orchard were also studied in the south and central part of Hebei p rovince. The main result showed that organic matter and total N gave an increase of 2.548 and 0.317 mg·kg^{- 1} during 10 years, respectively. Alkali-N, avail-P (Olsen-P) , avail2K were increased 17.1, 122.3 and 279.5 mg·kg^{- 1}. A-vail-Fe, avail-Zn , avail-Mn gave an increase of 9.2, 1.9 and 10.5 mg·kg^{- 1}. The change of soil nutrition was significantly different between crop fields and apple orchard. Avail-Cu increased significantly. Most of soil nutrition were accumulated in the soil p rofile of 0 - 40 cm, with a little increase in the soil profile of 40 - 80 cm. The soil nutrition accumulation gradually decreased with the soil depth. The soil nutrition also gradually decreased with the increasing distance from the tree trunk. The amount of soil nutrition accumulation was: Olsen-P > avail-K > alkali-N > total N and organic matter.