Effects of opioids and anesthetic drugs on body temperature in cats |
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Authors: | Lysa P Posner,Alana A Pavuk,Jennifer L Rokshar,Jennifer E Carter,& Jay F Levine&dagger |
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Affiliation: | Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA; Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA |
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Abstract: | ObjectiveTo determine which class of opioid alone or in conjunction with other anesthetic drugs causes post-anesthetic hyperthermia in cats.Study designProspective, randomized, crossover study.AnimalsEight adult, healthy, cats (four spayed females and four castrated males weighing 3.8 ± 0.6 kg).MethodsEach cat was instrumented with a wireless thermistor in the abdominal cavity. Temperature in all phases was recorded every 5 minutes for 5 hours. Population body temperature (PBT) was recorded for ~8 days. Baseline body temperature is the final 24 hours of the PBT. All injectable drugs were given intramuscularly. The cats were administered drugs in four phases: 1) hydromorphone (H) 0.05, 0.1, or 0.2 mg kg?1; 2) morphine (M) (0.5 mg kg?1), buprenorphine (BUP) (0.02 mg kg?1), or butorphanol (BUT) (0.2 mg kg?1); 3) ketamine (K) (5 mg kg?1) or ketamine (5 mg kg?1) plus hydromorphone (0.1 mg kg?1) (KH); 4) isoflurane in oxygen for 1 hour. Fifteen minutes prior to inhalant anesthetic, cats received either no premed (I), hydromorphone (0.1 mg kg?1) (IH), or hydromorphone (0.1 mg kg?1) plus ketamine (5 mg kg?1) (IHK).ResultsMean PBT for all unmedicated cats was 38.9 ± 0.6 °C (102.0 ± 1 °F). The temperature of cats administered all doses of hydromorphone increased from baseline (p < 0.03) All four opioids (H, M, BUP and BUT) studied increased body temperature compared with baseline (p < 0.005). A significant difference was observed between baseline temperature values and those in treatment KH (p < 0.03). Following recovery from anesthesia, temperature in treatments IH and IHK was different from baseline (p < 0.002).Conclusions and clinical relevanceAll of the opioids tested, alone or in combination with ketamine or isoflurane, caused an increase in body temperature. The increase seen was mild to moderate (<40.1 °C (104.2 °F) and self limiting. |
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Keywords: | buprenorphine butorphanol feline hydromorphone hyperthermia isoflurane ketamine morphine opioids |
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