促性腺激素释放激素及其类似物在母猪繁殖中应用的研究进展

促性腺激素释放激素(gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH))是下丘脑分泌的生殖激素,主要通过下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴参与调控动物的生殖活动,也可直接作用于性腺或其他器官发挥重要功能。哺乳动物的GnRH具有相同的十肽结构,通过改变十肽结构中第六、九、十位氨基酸可合成不同的GnRH类似物。GnRH及其类似物可通过刺激促黄体素(LH)分泌、抑制雌激素受体二聚化及调节胚胎附植期相关蛋白质的合成来影响动物的繁殖性能。GnRH及其类似物已被证明可提高猪的繁殖力。在母猪生产中,GnRH类似物的应用仍存在受胎次影响、促进排卵但不能增加产仔数等问题。文章主要从GnRH的来源与功能、GnRH及其类似物的结构、GnRH受体(GnRHR)的结构与功能、GnRH及其类似物对母猪繁殖性能的影响,以及存在的问题与展望五方面介绍了GnRH及其类似物在母猪繁殖中的应用研究进展。

Research Progress on Application of Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone and Its Analogues in Porcine Reproduction

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a reproductive hormone secreted by the hypothalamus.It mainly participates in regulating the reproductive activities of animals through the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis,and can also directly play an important role in animal gonads or other organs.GnRH in mammals has the same ten peptide structure.Different GnRH analogues can be synthesized by changing the sixth,ninth and tenth amino acids in the ten peptide structure.GnRH and its analogues can affect animal reproductive performance by stimulating luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion,inhibiting estrogen receptor dimerization and regulating the synthesis of proteins associated with embryo implantation.GnRH and its analogues in production have been shown to increase the fertility of pigs.The application of GnRH analogues still has some problems,such as the significant effect of the second pregnancy,the promotion of ovulation but not the increase of litter size.This paper introduced the application of GnRH and its analogues in sow breeding from such aspects:The source and function of GnRH,the structure of GnRH and its analogues,the structure and function of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor,the effect of GnRH and its analogues on reproductive performance of swine,existing problems and prospects.