中国高粱地方种质芽期苗期耐盐性筛选及鉴定

日益严重的土壤盐渍化对现代农业生产造成了巨大的危害。高粱既是世界五大粮食作物之一,又是耐盐性很强的抗逆作物。开展高粱耐盐性研究、筛选出一批综合耐盐能力优良的高粱品种对开发利用盐渍化土地、增加粮食产量和维持农业可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究对110份中国高粱地方品种分别进行了芽期200 mmol L~(-1)和苗期100 mmol L~(-1)的NaCl胁迫试验,测定芽期发芽势、发芽率以及苗期的相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)、苗长、根长、苗鲜重、根鲜重、苗干重、根干重等指标。计算芽期、苗期盐胁迫下性状值占对照性状值的百分比表明,参试品种芽期相对发芽势、相对发芽率范围分别为0～98.89%、23.65%～101.79%,盐胁迫下相对发芽势变化差异显著。苗期相对叶绿素含量、相对苗长、相对根长、相对苗鲜重、相对苗干重、相对根鲜重、相对根干重变化范围分别为59.53%～99.91%、52.47%～95.23%、47.87%～100.14%、27.43%～95.28%、30.48%～98.26%、21.62%～100.34%、31.46%～102.13%。采用隶属函数值分析和主成分分析2种方法结合聚类分析对参试高粱芽期和苗期的耐盐能力综合评定,鉴定出芽期高度耐盐材料22份,耐盐材料32份;苗期高度耐盐材料37份,耐盐材料41份;其中,来自内蒙古的朝阳棒槌(00003011)和来自北京的白鞑子帽(00001081)等10个品种在芽期和苗期均表现高度耐盐,可作为后续全生育期耐盐鉴定和耐盐育种的优异资源。对芽期隶属函数值排名以及苗期F值排名结果进行相关性分析表明,芽期与苗期耐盐性没有显著相关性;主成分分析结果表明,反映生物量的指标如苗干重、根鲜重可作为苗期大量材料耐盐鉴定的评价指标。

Screening and identification of Chinese sorghum landraces for salt tolerance at germination and seedling stages

The deterioration of soil salinization has caused great harm to modern agricultural production in the world. Sorghum is not only one of five main crops, but also an outstanding salt tolerant crop. The screening and identification of sorghum salt tolerance will be very important to the development and utilization of salinized land, increasing grain yield and maintaining sustainable agricultural development. In this experiment, 110 sorghum landraces were selected to test salt tolerance at germination (200 mmol L ^-1 NaCl treated) and seedling stages (100 mmol L ^-1 NaCl treated). The two germination indicators including the germination potential and the germination rate, as well as seven seedling indicators, including the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), seedling length, root length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight were measured. The relative values of various indicators under salt stress were calculated, showing that the relative germination potential and relative germination rate of 110 sorghum landraces were 0-98.89% and 23.65%-101.79%, and The seven seedling indicators were 59.53%-99.91%, 52.47%-95.23%, 47.87%-100.14%, 27.43%-95.28%, 30.48%-98.26%, 21.62%-100.34%, 31.46%-102.13%, respectively. Combined the membership function value analysis, principal component analysis with cluster analysis, the salt tolerance ability of the 110 landraces at germination stage and seedling stage was comprehensively evaluated and the 110 landraces were clustered into four groups. A batch of sorghum landraces with salt tolerance at germination and seedling stages were identified, especially ten landraces, including Chaoyangbangchui (00003011) from Inner Mongolia and the Baidazimao (00001081) from Beijing showed high salt tolerance, which can be used in further research. There was no significant correlation in salt tolerance between the germination stage and the seedling stage. Principal component analysis results indicated that seedling dry weight and root fresh weight can be used as indicators for the evaluation of salt tolerance of a large number of sorghum landraces at seedling stage.