新型草坪模拟践踏器的研制及暖季型草坪草耐践踏性评价

根据足球运动员不同运动状态对草坪造成的践踏强度不同,研制出一种新型草坪模拟践踏器。选择狗牙根属、雀稗属、结缕草属和蜈蚣草属共20份草坪草材料为研究对象,使用自主研发的新型草坪模拟践踏器进行耐践踏性初步评价。践踏处理后,通过观测草坪表观质量和生物量发现,结缕草属和蜈蚣草属草坪在盖度、颜色和地上生物量方面相对优于狗牙根属和雀稗属草坪。Tifgreen、SeaIsle、兰引Ⅲ号结缕草和华南假俭草优于同属其他品种,耐践踏性较好。普通狗牙根、Salam、青岛结缕草和三水假俭草在同属中耐践踏表现最差。上述8个品种中,仅有兰引Ⅲ号结缕草和青岛结缕草纤维素含量差异显著(P<0.05), 而木质素含量测定结果表明各属材料间差异不显著(P>0.05)。兰引Ⅲ号结缕草和华南假俭草细胞排列最为紧密,角质层厚度大且连续,泡状细胞数量多,木质化程度高,耐践踏性最强。普通狗牙根和Salam角质层薄或无角质层,维管束木质化程度较低,泡状细胞数量少,不耐践踏。主成分分析表明,草坪盖度、颜色和地下生物量可作为草种耐践踏性评价的重要指标。该研究为暖季型草坪草种的开发利用提供参考依据。

Development of a novel traffic simulator and evaluation of warm-season turfgrass traffic tolerance in field experiments

A novel turf traffic simulator was developed in the present research to emulate traffic effects caused by players in football games. A field traffic experiment tested 20 turfgrass varieties and lines from the genera Cynodon, Paspalum, Zoysia and Eremochloa and the simulator was used to evaluate tolerance. After trampling, it was found that Zoysia and Eremochloa material retained better ground cover, turf color and root biomass than Cynodon and Paspalum. A total of 8 turfgrass varieties were selected from the 4 genera for further study. It was found that traffic tolerance of Tifgreen, Paspalum vaginatum cv. Sea Isle, Zoysia japonica cv. Lanyin No. 3 and Eremochloa ophiuroides cv. Huanan were superior to other varieties of the same genus. Among these four varieties, the only significant difference in leaf cellulose content observed was between Z. japonica cv. Lanyin No. 3 and Z. japonica cv. Qingdao (P<0.05), while lignin content showed no significant difference among the materials (P>0.05). The factors that enhanced the traffic tolerance in Z. japonica cv. Lanyin No. 3 and E. ophiuroides cv. Huanan were closely arranged cells, a thicker and continuous cuticle, more vesicular cells and a higher level of lignification. In Cynodon dactylon cultivars and P. vaginatum cv. Salam, a thin or absent cuticle, a lower level of lignification and fewer bulliform cells were associated with reduced traffic tolerance. Principal component analysis showed that ground cover, turf color and root biomass could be used as effective indicators in the evaluation of cultivar traffic tolerance. The results of this study will provide a methodology for the incorporation of testing for traffic tolerance in the development and utilization of warm-season turfgrass species.