长期饲喂发酵全价饲料对猪生长、粪便臭味物质、血清抗氧化及免疫性能指标的影响

本试验旨在研究长期饲喂发酵全价饲料对生长猪生长性能、粪便臭味物质、血清抗氧化及免疫性能相关指标的影响。试验以地衣芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌为混合发酵菌剂制备发酵全价饲料。选择90头22 kg左右的约荣二元杂交猪,随机分成3组,每组6个重复,每个重复5头猪,分别饲喂无抗饲料(对照组),含抗生素的饲料(抗生素组)和发酵全价饲料(发酵组)。饲喂2个月后,测定各试验组猪的生长性能、粪便pH、挥发性臭味物质的含量及血清抗氧化指标、免疫球蛋白水平。结果显示:①全价饲料经发酵后,总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)极显著提高(P<0.01),还原力和羟自由基清除力均有升高趋势(P>0.05)。②饲喂两个月发酵全价饲料对各组猪的平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)、料重比(F/G)影响均不显著(P>0.05)。③各组猪的粪便pH及对甲酚、吲哚、粪臭素、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸含量差异均不显著(P>0.05),但发酵组的异戊酸含量显著低于抗生素组(P<0.05)。④各组猪的血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,T-AOC及丙二醛(MDA)含量差异均不显著(P>0.05);与对照组相比,发酵组血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)水平有升高趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05),补体蛋白4(C4)含量显著升高(P<0.05),这两项指标与抗生素组相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。综合试验结果,长期饲喂发酵全价饲料对猪生长,粪便pH,粪便主要臭味物质含量及血清抗氧化指标、IgG、IgM水平没有显著影响,没有延续短期饲喂的优势。

Effect of Long-term Supply of Fermented Complete Feed on the Growth Performance,Fecal Mephitis,Serum Immunity and Antioxidation Indexes of Growing Pigs

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of long-term supply of fermented complete feed (FCF) on the growth performance,fecal mephitis,serum immunity and antioxidation indexes of growing pigs.Complete feed was fermented with Bacillus licheniformis and Lactobacillus brevis.A total of 90 pigs (Yorkshire×Rongchang) with the initial weight about 22 kg were used in a 60 d experiment.The pigs were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatment groups:Control group (antibiotic-free feed),antibiotics and fermentation groups.Each treatment consisted of six replicates with five pigs in each replicate.At the end of the experiment,the growth performance,pH and mephitis of the fresh faeces,serum immunity and antioxidation indexes was measured.The results showed that:①Fermentation extremely significantly improved the T-AOC (P<0.01) of feed.The reducing power and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity tended to rise (P>0.05).②After two months,ADFI,ADG and F/G of pigs in three groups had no significant difference (P>0.05).③The faeces pH,the contents of p-cresol,indole,skatole,acetic acid,propionic acid,butyric acid and valproic acid were not significantly different among three groups (P>0.05).The isovaleric acid of fermentation group were significantly lower than that of antibiotic group (P<0.05).④The contents of serum MDA,T-AOC and the activities of CAT,GSH-Px and SOD of three groups had no significant difference (P>0.05).Compared to control group,the serum IgM level of pigs from fermentation group showed a rising tendency (P>0.05),and the complement protein 4(C4) content was significantly higher (P<0.05),but these two indexes had no significant differences compared to antibiotics group (P>0.05).In conclusion,long-term supply of FCF to growing pigs had no significant effect on the growth performance,feces pH and content of the main malodorous gases,serum antioxidant indexes and IgM,IgG levels,the advantage of short-term feeding did not last.