规模化好氧堆肥底部曝气系统管道内流场仿真与试验

规模化好氧堆肥通过微生物的作用将较大堆体中的有机物质分解，转变成为稳定的腐殖质，是解决畜禽粪便污染问题实现其资源化利用的有效途径。底部曝气作为规模化好氧堆肥工程实施的关键研究对象。有效设计底部曝气系统可提高输氧效率，抑制局部厌氧环境的形成，改善堆肥环境。该研究基于4种规模堆体（48、90、180、270 m³）所需风机和管道参数；建立了底部曝气系统流场模型，模拟分析了通风管道内及通风孔处的流速分布；并依据实例进行了深入分析。结果表明，对于较小规模堆体（48、90 m³），不同布风方式对管道内和通风孔处流速分布的均匀性影响不大，而渐密布孔相比于均匀布孔可以提高其均匀性。对于较大规模堆体（180、270 m³），可通过铺设多排管道的方式来提高其均匀性，其中四管相比于三管可以减少10 %的动能损失；基于对工厂100 m³堆体的实例仿真，发现仿真得到的流速与实际测量值没有显著差异，该研究结果可为后续工程建设提供理论依据和数据支撑。

Simulation and testing of the flow field in the pipeline of large-scale aerobic composting bottom aeration system

Aerobic composting has been one of the most effective ways to dispose the livestock and poultry manure. Resource utilization can also be realized to decompose the organic matter in the large-scale piles. Microorganisms can then be transformed into the stable humus. Among them, bottom aeration can serve as a large-scale aerobic composting project. There is a high demand for the effective design of a bottom aeration system for the high efficiency of oxygen transfer. The local anaerobic formation can be inhibited to improve the composting environment. This study aims to simulate and test the flow field in the pipeline of the large-scale aerobic composting bottom aeration system. The basic oxygen consumption was required for four sizes of piles (48, 90, 180, and 270 m³), in order to obtain the parameters of fans and pipelines; The actual pipelines existed in a certain pile. According to the air and hole distribution of pipelines, the flow field model was reconstructed in the bottom aeration system using Solid Works (USA) software; Different schemes of the pipeline (three air distribution patterns and two hole-layout) were simulated using Fluent fluid simulation software. The distribution of flow velocity was explored in the pipeline and at the vents. According to the case simulation of the 100 m³ reactor in the factory, there was no significant difference between the flow velocity after simulation and the actual measured value. The results indicated that: 1) Different sizes of piles were required the different air volumes and pressures. In the 48 m3 reactor, the length, width, and height of the aeration system were 8, 4, and 1.5 m, respectively. The inner diameter of the pipeline was 95 mm, and the ventilation air volume and partial pressure were 254.6 m³/h and 897.5 Pa, respectively. In the 90 m³ reactor, the length, width, and height of the aeration system were 10, 6, and 1.5 m, respectively, the inner diameter of the pipeline was 123 mm, and the ventilation air volume and partial pressure were 424.3 m³/h and 563.8 Pa, respectively. In the 180 m3 reactor, the length, width, and height of the aeration system were 20, 6, and 1.5 m, respectively, the inner diameter of the pipeline was 151 mm, and the ventilation air volume and partial pressure were 636.9 m3/h and 416.1 Pa, respectively. In the 270 m³ reactor, the length, width, and height of the aeration system were 30, 6, and 1.5 m, respectively, the inner diameter of the pipeline was 213 mm, and the ventilation air volume and partial pressure were 1273 m³/h and 280 Pa, respectively. The fan models in the 48, 90, 180, and 270 m³ reactors were selected as 2 A (1.1 kW), 1.5 A (0.37 kW), 2 A (0.37 kW), and 2 A (1.1 kW), respectively. 2) A systematic investigation was made to explore the effects of pile sizes, gas distribution, and hole distribution on the gas flow and uniformity distribution at the vent holes in the pipeline. In the small-scale reactors (48 and 90 m³), there was little effect of air distribution on the uniformity of the flow velocity distribution in the ducts and at the ventilation holes, whereas the uniformity was improved with progressively denser holes, compared with uniform holes. In the large-scale reactors (180 and 270 m³), the uniformity of the reactors was improved by the multiple rows of pipelines, where the kinetic energy loss was reduced by 10 %. In addition to the size of the reactor, the particle size of the reactor, the shape of the holes, the angle of the pipes, and the number of holes were subsequently considered as variable parameters in the design of the ventilation system. 3) According to the case simulation of the 100 m³ reactor in the factory, there was no difference from the flow velocity after simulation with the actual measured value. The findings can provide a theoretical basis and data support for the subsequent engineering construction. But there are many influencing factors under the actual working conditions, such as intake air speed, wind pressure, and pipeline processing, leading to the ventilation effect. Field experiments are needed for further analysis on the ventilation.