乌鲁木齐及附近地区蚁科区系的初步调查

对乌鲁木齐及附近地区蚁类的调查表明 ,计有 2亚科 1 3属 37种 ;区系组成以蚁属FormicaL .和弓背蚁属CamponotusMayr的种类较为丰富 ,分别有 1 5种和 6种 ;区系成分较为复杂 ,含古北种、新北种和广布种 ,其中 ,古北种有 30种 ,占总数的 81 % ;古北种下含泛古北种、中亚细亚种、欧洲种、欧洲中亚种、特有种、地中海种、欧洲—西伯利亚种、中央亚细亚种 ,而泛古北种最多 ,达 1 2种 ,占 32 .4 % ;其次为中亚细亚种有 7种 ,占 1 8.9% ;在所记录的种类中 ,草地蚁Formicapratensis,小林蚁 F .polyctena等多为中生性的种类 ,主要分布于森林地带或林间草地 ;草原箭蚁C .aenescens,草原原蚁P .epinotalis多分布在荒漠、半荒漠地带 ;褐色收获蚁Messorclivorum为乌鲁木齐地区的优势种 ,较为广泛地分布于乌鲁木齐及周边地区

A Primary Study on the Fauna of Formicidae in Urumqi and Its Vicinities

By investigating the fauna of Formicidae in Urumqi and its vicinities, in this paper, it is reported that there are 37 species of Formicidae in these areas, belonging to 13 genera and two subfamilies. The 15 species of Formica L. and 6 species of Camponotus Mayr are the main fauna components, and the complex faunal composition of Formicidae include Palaearctic species, Neoarctic species and polytopic species. Among them, 30 are the Palaearctic species and account for 81% of the total. Meanwhile, the Palaeo species consists of Panto Palaearctic species, Mid Asian species, European species, Euro Central Asian species, endemic species, Mediterranean species, Euro Siberian species and Central Asian species, etc. The Panto Palaearctic species, which includes 12 subspecies, occupies 32.4% of the total and is higher than the proportions of other components. Of all the species in our records, the Formica pratensis Retz., Formica polyctena, Forster, etc., are mesophytic, inhabit mainly in the forest zones and grassplots; while xeric species, such as Cataglyphis aenescens and Proformica epinotalis K. Ug., inhabit mainly in deserts and semideserts. Messor clivorum Ruzs. is the dominant species, and inhabits extensively in Urumqi and its vicinities.