施用鸡粪土壤中磷的径流损失特征研究

研究了施用鸡粪土壤中磷养分在自然降雨过程中随地表径流流失的变化规律.结果表明:颗粒附着态磷(PP)占总磷(TP)的61.1%～79.5%,是土壤中磷索在自然降雨过程中随地表径流流失的主要形态.基于作物需磷量计算鸡粪用置较基于作物需氮量能有效降低地表径流中不同形态磷浓度,其中TP降幅为8.0%～46.3%.PP降幅为6.0%～48.2%.TDP降幅为15.1%～46.0%,DIP降幅为29.4%～55.5%.表明基于作物需磷量计算鸡粪施用量能有效降低土壤中磷索在自然降雨过程中随地表径流的流失风险.添加沸石或铁盐可有效降低地表径流中TP和PP浓度,从而有效降低磷随地表径流损失的风险.

Characteristics of Phosphorus Loss Through Surface Runoff in Chicken Manure Amended Soils

Six successive vegetable field trials were conducted to investigate the phosphorus loss in the runoff from soils fertilized with chicken manure(CM)and/or additives including zeolite and ferrite during nature rainfall.The use rates of CM were determined by the P-based and N-based demand of vegetables,respectively.The results showed that particle P(PP)was the primary P form in the runoff,comprising 61.1%～79.5%of the total P(TP).P-based manure application decreased the concentrations of TP,PP,TDP and DIP in runoff by 8.0%～46.3%,6.0%-48.2%,15.1%～46.0%and 29.4%～55.5%,respectively,as compared to the N-based method.Therefore,P-based manure application could lower the potential risk of P pollution by runoff.Combinated application of chicken manure and zeolite or ferrite effectively reduced the concentrations of TP and PP in the runoff,and reduce the risk of P loss by runoff as well.