非洲奶业发展现状及中非合作潜力研究

奶业是非洲居民重要的收入和就业来源,是重要的农业产业。2018年,非洲奶业生产总值171.22 亿美元,占畜牧业总产值的24.0%;奶牛存栏6 752.49 万头,主要集中在东非、北非和西非地区,养殖方式以散养为主,平均存栏仅3 头,部分品种仍以役用为主,牛奶生产仅是副产品,平均单产512.8 kg/头·年,年生鲜乳产量3 462.85 万t;埃及、肯尼亚和南非是主要的乳制品加工国家,加工量占非洲生鲜乳产量的近30%;2019年乳制品消费量折合生鲜乳为5 468.21 万t,鲜奶是最主要的消费品类,占60%以上,其次是奶粉和奶酪,分别占消费量（折合生鲜乳）的16%和15%,人均消费量有所下降,2019年为41.74 kg/人·年;乳制品贸易长期处于净进口趋势,2018年进口量198.72 万t,进口额48.57 亿美元,北非、西非和东非是主要进口地区。非洲奶牛养殖提升空间巨大,乳制品加工前景广阔,乳制品消费增长空间巨大,中国进一步加强与非洲奶业在奶牛养殖、乳制品加工以及奶业贸易等方面的国际合作,推动奶业走出去。

Research on Development Status of African Dairy Industry and Cooperation Potential between China and Africa

Dairy industry is an important source of income and employment for African people and an important agricultural industry. In 2018,the total output value of African dairy industry was US \$17.122 billion,accounting for 24.0% of the total output value of livestock industry. There are 6752.49 million dairy cows,mainly concentrated in East Africa,North Africa and West Africa. The breeding method is mainly free-range,with an average of only 3 dairy cows. Some varieties are still used mainly,and milk production is only a by-product,with an average yield of 512.8 kg/year and an annual fresh milk output of 34 628 500 tons. Egypt,Kenya and South Africa are major dairy processing countries,accounting for nearly 30% of Africa's fresh milk production. In 2019,consumption of dairy products equivalent to fresh milk was 54.6821 million tons. Fresh milk was the most important consumer category, accounting for more than 60%,followed by milk powder and cheese,accounting for 16% and 15% of the total consumption,respectively. Per capita consumption decreased to 41.74 kg/person per year in 2019. The trade of dairy products has been in the trend of net import for a long time. In 2018,it imported 1.9872 million tons of dairy products,with the import value of us $4.857 billion. North Africa,West Africa and East Africa are the main import regions. African dairy farming has huge space for improvement. Dairy processing has broad prospects. And dairy consumption has huge space for growth. China should further strengthen international cooperation with African dairy industry in dairy farming,dairy processing and dairy trade,so as to promote the dairy industry to go global.