不同改良剂对塑料大棚土壤理化性质及甜瓜品质的影响

土壤质量退化已成为制约现代设施农业可持续发展的瓶颈,采取适宜措施开展设施土壤改良活动对于促进设施农业持续健康发展具有重要意义。该研究以西安市塑料大棚土壤改良研究为例,分别探讨了土香香(T1)、腐殖酸(T2)、富活素(T3)、蚯蚓粪(T4) 4种改良剂处理对大棚土壤基本理化性质、盐分离子组成、作物产量及品质的影响。结果表明：（1）所有改良剂处理较CK均能在一定程度上降低塑料大棚土壤容重,提高土壤孔隙度,并小幅调节土壤pH使其更接近中性。其中T1和T4处理对土壤容重和孔隙度的改良效果更好一些,T3处理后的土壤pH更接近7.00。（2）所有改良剂处理较CK均能大幅显著降低土壤盐分离子总量和电导率,尤以T3处理的效果最为明显,土壤盐分离子总量和电导率降幅可分别达到68.21%和75.89%。（3）与CK相比,不同改良剂均具有增产效果,尤以T3和T4处理的增产效果最佳,产量增幅分别达到14.37%和21.01%。（4）与CK相比,所有改良剂处理均能显著提高甜瓜的可溶性固形物,其中T3处理的效果最佳;所有处理间甜瓜可滴定酸无显著性差异;甜瓜固酸比和维生素含量有升有降,其中T1和T3处理甜瓜的固酸比较高,而T3处理甜瓜的维生素含量显著高于其他处理,达到146.21 mg/kg。总体而言,就改土、降盐、提质、增产等综合效果来看,T3处理,即施用富活素改良剂的效果最佳。

Effects of Different Amendments on Soil Physic-chemical Properties and Melon Quality in Plastic Greenhouse

Soil quality degradation has become a bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of facility agriculture and it is of significance to take appropriate measures to conduct soil improvement activities for the sustainable and healthy development of facility agriculture. A soil improvement experiment in plastic greenhouse was carried out to study the effect of Tuxiangxiang (T1), humic acid (T2), Fuhuosu (T3) and vermicompost (T4) on soil physic-chemical properties, soil salt ion composition, crop yield and quality. The results showed that: (1) compared with CK, all amendments could reduce soil bulk density, increase soil porosity, and slightly adjust the soil pH closer to neutral; among them, T1 and T4 treatments had better effects on soil bulk density and porosity, the soil pH was closer to 7.00 in T3 treatment; (2) compared with CK, all amendments could significantly reduce the amount of soil salt ions and electronic conductivity, the reduction of soil salt ions and electronic conductivity of T3 treatment could reach 68.21% and 75.89%, respectively; (3) compared with CK, all amendments had the effect of yield increase, T3 and T4 treatments had better yield increase effects with 14.37% and 21.01%, respectively; (4) compared with CK, all amendments could significantly improve soluble solid of melon, of which T3 treatment had the best effect, there was no significant difference on the titratable acid of melon among all treatments, the solid acid ratio and vitamin content of melon incresed in some treatments and decreased in others, of which T1 and T3 treatments had higher solid acid ratio of melon, and T3 treatment had significantly higher vitamin content of melon than others, reaching 146.21 mg/kg. In general, T3 treatment has the best effect in terms of soil improvement, soil salt reduction, crop quality improvement and yield increase.