有机物料配施菌剂对设施次生盐渍化土壤的修复效果

设施土壤次生盐渍化已成为制约设施农业发展的主要问题,为验证施用有机物料对次生盐渍化设施土壤的修复效果,本研究采用田间小区试验,以河北永清典型次生盐渍化设施土壤为研究对象,选择牛粪和生物炭两种有机物料并结合微生物菌剂作为外源有机物料,处理包括不施用有机物料(CK)、单施牛粪(DM)、单施生物炭(BC)、牛粪配施菌剂(DM+MI)、生物炭配施菌剂(BC+MI),通过分析各处理土壤的水溶性盐分总量、各盐分离子以及植株生长状况,探讨了有机物料对设施土壤次生盐渍化的改良效果。结果表明：施用有机物料和微生物菌剂可以不同程度的减轻土壤次生盐渍化。与对照相比,对降低土壤盐分效果最显著的为DM+MI处理,最高可降低土壤可溶盐总量18.26%,以及Na⁺、Ca²⁺与Mg²⁺含量24.1%、18.75%、24.29%,其他降盐效果表现为DM处理>BC+MI处理>BC处理。施用有机物料对辣椒植株的生长有一定的促进作用,至第10周时显著增加株高与茎粗达10.40%~16.00%和19.50%~21.30%。对辣椒植株生长与土壤水溶性盐分含量的相关性分析表明,在设施次生盐渍化土壤中,辣椒植株生长与土壤中Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺的含量呈显著负相关关系。综上,有机物料配施微生物菌剂能改善土壤条件,降低土壤含盐量,缓解设施土壤次生盐渍化状况,并促进辣椒正常生长。

Effects of Organic Materials Combined with Microbial Inoculants on the Remediation of Soil Secondary Salinization Under Greenhouse Condition

Soil secondary salinization has become a major issue to restrict the development of agriculture under greenhouse condition. In the present study, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to explore the effects of the two organic materials (cow manure and biochar) combined with microbial inoculants on the remediation of typical soil secondary salinization in Yongqing county of Hebei Province. The treatments were: conventional fertilization without any organic materials as control (CK), conventional fertilization with the application of cow manure (DM), conventional fertilization with the application of biochar (BC), conventional fertilization with the application of both cow manure and microbial inoculant (DM+MI) and conventional fertilization with the application of both biochar and microbial inoculant (BC+MI). The contents of total soil soluble salt and soil salt ions and the height and stem diameter of chili pepper plants were determined to analyze the effects of different organic materials on soil secondary salinization. The results showed that the combination application of organic materials and microbial inoculant improved soil secondary salinization to some extent. Compared with CK, DM+MI obtained the best performance in decrease the content of soil salt, which could decrease the amount of total soil soluble salt by 18.26% and the contents of Na⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ by 24.1%, 18.75% and 24.29%, respectively, followed by DM treatment > BC+MI treatment> BC treatment. The application of organic materials stimulated the growth of chili pepper. At the 10 ^th week, different treatments significantly increased the height and stem diameter of chili pepper by 10.40%~16.00% and 19.50%~21.30%, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that there was a significantly negative correlation between Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ and the growth of chili pepper in the secondary salinization greenhouse soil. In conclusion, the application of organic materials with microbial inoculants could reduce the contents of soil salt, alleviate the soil secondary salinization, and thus promote pepper growth.