玉米须采收时期对其功能成分、可收集产量及玉米产量的影响

为研究玉米须的最佳采收时期,以黑龙江省主栽玉米品种‘京农科728’和‘德美亚3号’为试验材料,于2017年和2018年进行玉米须采收试验,比较不同采收时期对玉米须的功能成分、可收集产量及玉米产量的影响。结果表明,玉米须总黄酮含量随吐丝日数延长呈下降趋势,总多糖含量呈增加趋势,不同采收期的玉米须总黄酮含量的变幅大于多糖的变幅。以雌穗套袋方式延迟授粉能有效促进玉米须生长,但显著降低果穗结实率。‘京农科728’和‘德美亚3号’套袋6天的玉米须产量比自然授粉条件下的采收产量分别提高79.2%和65.5%,穗粒数分别下降了57.9%和88.2%;套袋12天玉米须产量分别提高107.6%和74.8%,穗粒数分别下降96.1%和96.0%;套袋3天果穗结实未受影响。不同品种玉米须生长量差异显著,玉米须产量变异范围界于0.443~1.003 g/穗之间,平均值为0.655 g/穗,变异系数24.78%。为兼顾玉米产量与玉米须品质及产量,吐丝3~5天为玉米须最佳采收期。

Effects of Harvesting Period of Corn Silk on Its Functional Components,Collectable Silk Yield and Maize Yield

The paper aims to study the optimum harvesting period of corn silks. Corn silks harvesting experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 with ‘Jingnongke 728’and ‘Demeiya 3’, the main corn varieties planted in Heilongjiang Province, to compare the effects of different harvesting periods on the functional components of corn silk, the yield of corn silk and the yield of corn. The results showed that the content of total flavonoids in corn silk decreased with the silking days and the content of total polysaccharides increased. Delaying pollination in female spike bagging way could effectively promote the growth of silk, however significantly reduce the rate of ear setting. The yield of silks of ‘Jingnongke 728’and ‘Demeiya 3’ bagging 6 d increased by 79.2% and 65.5% compared with that of natural pollination respectively, and grain number fell 57.9% and 88.2% respectively; bagging 12 d the yield of silk of the two varieties increased by 107.6% and 74.8% respectively, and the amount of grain number fell by 96.1% and 96.0% respectively; bagging 3 d had no effect on ear setting. The variation range of corn silk yield ranged from 0.443 to 1.003 g/ear, with an average value of 0.655 g/ear and a variation coefficient of 24.78%. To give consideration to corn yield, corn silk quality and silk yield, 3 to 5 d after silking is the best harvest time of corn silk.