氨磺灵和秋水仙素诱导橡胶草四倍体效果的比较研究

为探讨不同诱变剂对橡胶草四倍体的诱导效果,以橡胶草幼芽为材料,采用浸芽法,比较分析氨磺灵和秋水仙素2种诱变剂不同浓度和处理时间对橡胶草多倍体的诱导效果及多倍体橡胶草的形态特征变化。结果表明：氨磺灵处理橡胶草的成苗率(60%~75%)和最高诱变率(14.08%)均高于秋水仙素处理（0~59%和5.56%）,其嵌合体率(27.27%)低于秋水仙素处理(75.00%),其中0.04 mmol/L氨磺灵处理 30 min,成苗率为71.00%,变异率14.08%,为最佳诱变条件。可见,氨磺灵比秋水仙素更适合用于橡胶草多倍体诱导。诱导后获得的四倍体橡胶草叶片厚度、气孔大小、花和种子大小均显著大于野生型二倍体植株,气孔密度则显著低于野生型植株,这些形态特征可辅助多倍体橡胶草快速筛选和鉴定。本研究初步探明了2种诱变剂对橡胶草染色体加倍的诱导效果,为今后橡胶草多倍体育种提供理论依据和技术支持。

Comparative Study on Tetraploid Induction of Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin with Oryzalin and Colchicine

To explore the induction effect of different mutagens on Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin (TKS), the seedlings of TKS were used as materials, the polyploid induction effects of different concentrations and treatment time of oryzalin and colchicine on TKS were analyzed, and the changes of morphological characteristics of polyploid TKS were studied using the buds soaking method. The results showed that, the seedling rate (60%-75%) and the highest mutation rate (14.08%) of the TKS treated with oryzalin were both higher than those of colchicine (0-59% and 5.56%), respectively. The chimera rate (27.27%) treated with oryzalin was lower than that of colchicine (75.00%). The treatment with 0.04 mmol/L oryzalin for 30 min was the optimal condition for TKS tetraploid induction, the seedling rate was 71.00% and the induction rate was 14.08%. Therefore, colchicine was more suitable for TKS polyploid induction than colchicine. The leaf thickness, stomata size in the lower epidermis, flower size and seed size of tetraploid TKS plants were significantly larger than those of wild-type diploid plants, and stomatal density was significantly less than that of wild-type plants. These morphological characteristics could assist the rapid screening and identification of polyploid TKS. The induction effect of two mutagens on TKS was preliminarily explored in this study, which could provide a theoretical basis and technical support for TKS polyploid breeding in the future.