植物铁素(Fe)营养的生理研究进展

铁(Fe)是植物体内发现最早和含量最高的必需微量元素,参与许多生理过程和代谢途径,缺铁将严重影响其生长发育和产量品质。植物源食物中的Fe是动物和人类获取Fe的主要途径,摄入不足将损害其健康。为了充分了解Fe在植物体内的代谢生理,推动富Fe植物的培育和富Fe食物的研发,本文归纳了土壤和植物体内Fe的含量、形态及比例,总结了植物体内Fe的分布与功能,比较了植物应对少量可溶性Fe环境下的不同高效吸收策略,分析了Fe在细胞内和长距离运输中的调控机制。在此基础上,针对以往研究中存在的不足提出展望,认为今后应更多地关注：不同物种间的Fe代谢途径的差异及分子机理、Nramp家族基因如何调控植物缺Fe的吞噬机制、质体中铁蛋白(Fer)的氧化沉淀与还原释放机制和提高植物体内Fe含量及生物有效性的生物强化措施。

Nutrition Physiology of Iron (Fe) in Plants: Research Progress

Iron (Fe) is the earliest discovered and most abundant essential microelement in plants, which is involved in many physiological processes and metabolic pathways, Fe deficiency will seriously affect the growth, development, yield and quality of plants. Fe in plant-derived food is the main source for animal and human to obtain Fe, and insufficient Fe uptake can damage their health. In order to fully understand the metabolic physiology of Fe in plants, and promote the cultivation of iron-rich plants and the development of iron-rich food, in this review, the contents, forms and proportions of Fe in soil and plants were summarized, the distribution and function of Fe in plants were concluded, the different efficient absorption strategies of plants in small amount of soluble Fe environment were compared, and the regulation mechanisms of Fe transport in cells and long-distance in plants were analyzed. Based on the above, some research prospects were discussed in view of the previous research, it is suggested that more attention should be paid to the differences and molecular mechanisms of Fe metabolic pathways among different plant species, the Nramp family genes regulating approach of the docytotic mechanism of Fe deficiency in plants, the oxidation precipitation and reduction release mechanisms of ferritin (Fer) in the plastids, and the biofortification measures for increasing Fe content and bioavailability in plants.