牧场犊牛发病次数与生长发育的关系

通过对全国157 个规模化牧场在2020年1—12 月出生的220 日龄内母犊牛各阶段发病次数、体重和日增重进行分析,旨在研究犊牛不同阶段发病次数对其后期体重、日增重的影响。结果表明:(1)断奶前后,60 日龄内发病次数≥2 次的犊牛,61~129 日龄体重、日增重极显著低于未发病犊牛和发病次数为1 次的犊牛(P<0.01);(2)转育成时,60 日龄内发病次数≥2 次的犊牛,转育成171~219 日龄体重极显著低于未发病犊牛和发病次数为1 次的犊牛(P<0.01);60~179 日龄发病次数≥1 次,转育成171~219 日龄体重和转育成日增重极显著低于未发病组(P<0.01)。因此,犊牛发病次数越多,后期生长发育越缓慢,建议牧场重视并加强犊牛断奶前后和转育成的饲养管理,做好疾病防治,以减少发病次数。

Relationship between Morbidity Frequency and Growth of Calves in Dairy Farms

By analyzing times of disease,body weight and daily weight gain of female calves within age of 220 days and born from January to December in 2020 from 157 scaled farms,aim to investigate the effects of times of disease on body weight and daily weight gain at different stages. Results showed that: (1) during weaning period, calves with more than two times of disease which body weight and daily weight gain at age of 61~129 days were significantly lower than healthy calves and calves with one time disease (P < 0.01). (2) during transferring period (age of 171~219 days),calves with more than two times of disease within age of 60 days which transferring body weight was significantly lower than healthy calves and calves with one time disease (P < 0.01). Calves with more than two times of disease at age of 60~179 days which transferring body weight and daily weight gain were significantly lower than healthy calves (P < 0.01). Therefore,the more times of disease during early stage,the slower growth during later stage. It is suggested that calves during weaning period and transferring period,dairy farms should strengthen and pay more attention on feeding management and disease control to reduce calves' number of disease.