新疆红枣营养品质与稳定同位素及矿物元素特征产地溯源比较

为开发基于营养品质、稳定同位素及矿物元素分析的不同产地新疆红枣地理标志产品溯源新方法,本研究采集了2016年新疆不同产区(若羌、和田、阿克苏、麦盖提等15个县市)97个红枣种植地块的50份灰枣和47份骏枣样本,测定其果肉中13类营养品质指标(蛋白质、还原糖、自由氨基酸、总黄酮等),稳定碳、氮、氢、氧同位素比率(δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N、δ²H和δ¹⁸O)及21种微量矿物元素含量(Na、Mg、K、Fe和Zn等)用于其产地溯源分析与建模。采用单因素方差(one-way ANOVA)法比较不同产区间营养品质、稳定同位素比率及矿物元素特征的差异,利用偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)分别对两类红枣内在品质特征建立产地判别模型,对比其溯源准确度。结果表明,红枣稳定同位素及矿物元素产地特征差异比营养品质特征更明显,溯源判别准确度得到明显提升。灰枣和骏枣营养品质参数建模总体判别准确度分别为86.00%和85.11%,稳定同位素及矿物元素参数判别准确度分别为94.12%和95.74%,且两种地理标志保护的红枣品牌(若羌灰枣和和田玉枣)产地判别准确度高达100%,而其他产地误判为这两个产地红枣的概率为0%。因此,该策略有望作为新疆红枣产地溯源与地理标志农产品保护的可靠技术。

Comparison of the Nutrient Quality,Stable Isotope and Multi-Element Characteristics of Xinjiang Jujube for Origin Traceability

This study aimed to develop new different origin traceability methods for Xinjiang protected geographical indication(PGI) jujube products using nutrient quality, stable isotope and multi-element characteristics. 50 Hui jujube and 47 Jun jujube samples were collected from 97 fields in 15 farming regions of Xinjiang province (Charkhlik, Khotan, Aksu and Markit, etc.). 13 nutrient quality indexes (protein, reducing sugar, free amino acids, total flavonoids, etc.), isotope ratios of stable carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen(δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, δ²H, δ¹⁸O), and 21 trace element contents (Na, Mg, K, Fe and Zn, etc.) were determined. One-way ANOVA was applied for the difference comparison of single nutrient quality, stable isotope and multi-element characteristics (P<0.05) of jujubes between regions. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) modeling of these two kinds of signatures showed that stable isotope and multi-element of jujubes were more significantly different than nutrient quality, which can improve the discriminant accuracies of origin traceability. The discriminant accuracies using nutrient indexes were just 86.00% and 85.11% for Hui jujube and Jun jujube, while they can be improved to 94.12% and 95.74% using stable isotope and multi-element signatures, respectively. Notably, the accuracies for two PGI jujubes (Charkhlik Hui jujube and Khotan Jun jujube) were up to 100%, and the mis-discriminant probability was 0%. Therefore, this strategy maybe promising to be a reliable tool for origin traceability of Xinjiang PGI jujube products.