直播方式与播种量组合对水稻群体发育及产量构成的影响

为优化直播稻群体质量及其产量构成,研发直播稻提质增效配套技术、挖掘新品种生产潜力,本研究采用裂区设计,主区为湿润直播与旱直播2种直播方式,副区为5个播种量,研究直播方式与播量组合对水稻群体发育及产量构成的影响。结果表明,旱直播更能显著改善直播稻的出苗状况;‘华盛早香’和‘中早35’在播量为45~75 kg/hm²范围内,提高播种量能显著提高直播稻单位面积有效穗数、极显著提高其高峰苗数,而湿润直播方式的分蘖能力和成穗率均优于相同播量的旱直播;在播种量为45~75 kg/hm²范围,其实际产量随播种量增大而增大,但湿润直播方式更有利于直播稻增产,其增产的原因与湿润直播方式下单位面积有效穗数显著增加有关,穗实粒数和千粒重对其影响不大。

Effects of Direct-seeding Methods and Seeding Rate Combinations on Population Development and Yield Components of Rice

To optimize population development and yield components of direct-seeding rice, explore potential productivity of new varieties and study high quality and high efficiency cultivation technology of rice direct-seeding, a field comparison experiment was conducted using the split plot design. The main plot was two direct-seeding methods, including wet direct-seeding and dry direct-seeding, the subplot was five seeding rates. The effects of direct-seeding methods and seeding rate combinations were studied on population development and yield components of rice. The results showed that dry direct-seeding could improve seedling emergence. For ‘Huashengzaoxiang’ and ‘Zhongzao35’, the effective panicles at the seeding rate of 45~75 kg/hm ² were significantly improved and the peak seedlings were extremely improved with the increase of the seeding rate, but the tillering ability and spike rate in wet direct-seeding was better than that of dry direct-seeding under the same seeding rate. For ‘Huashengzaoxiang’ and ‘Zhongzao35’, the actual yield at the seeding rate of 45~75 kg/hm ²increased with the increase of seeding rate under the 2 kinds of direct-seeding, but wet direct-seeding was more useful to increase the actual yield because the yield increase was mainly associated with the significant increase of the effective panicles under wet direct-seeding, and the effect of full grain number per panicle and 1000-grain weight was not obvious.