地面管理方式对旱地苹果园土壤、产量及品质的影响

以自由纺锤形苹果树为试材,设定不同地面管理方式,研究其对果园土壤、树体产量及果实品质的影响,以期确定适宜果园地面管理模式,为果园栽培管理提供理论依据。结果表明,生草栽培和起垄覆盖地布均增加了土壤体积含水率,尤其是4月效果最显著。起垄覆盖地布可在4、7、10月将果园0~60 cm土层的土壤含水率保持在15.05%~16.03%;生草栽培和起垄覆盖地布增加了叶片叶绿素含量,提高了苹果可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸,增加了果肉硬度,促进了果实着色,增加了果实单果重,提高了果园产量,尤其是起垄覆盖地布下各指标增加程度更大。为达节水、提质增效目的,建议旱地苹果园采用起垄覆盖地布耕作方式。

Effects of Soil Natural Vegetation Management Models on the Soil and Apple Tree of Dry Land Orchard

Aimed to provide a scientific basis for apple growers to choose proper natural vegetation management model for dry land orchard, the effects of different natural vegetation management models on the soil, and apple yield and fruit quality were studied. The results showed that the soil volumetric moisture was increased under ridge forming and ground cover (RG) and grass mulch (GM), especially in April. In April, July and October, the soil volumetric moisture of 0-60 cm soil layer in the orchard could be kept at 15.05%-16.03% for RG. The chlorophyll content of apple leaves, the soluble solids content (TSS), titratable acid content (TA), hardness, red coefficient, single fruit weight and yield of apple could all be increased under RG and GM. The increase degree of each index for RG was greater than GM. In order to save water, improve fruit quality and increase efficiency, it is suggested that the natural vegetation management model RG should be used in apple orchard.