山东省水稻品种（系）的遗传多样性分析

利用全自动DNA分析仪荧光SSR-PCR技术和农业行业标准《水稻品种鉴定技术规程SSR标记法（NY/T1433-2014）》中公布的48对SSR引物,对山东省育成和审定的48个水稻品种（系）进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,有40对SSR引物在48个品种（系）间表现多态性,多态率为83.3%。检测到等位基因133个,每对引物的等位基因数变幅为1~7个,平均3.32个。SSR引物的多态性信息量（PIC）变化范围为0.0384~0.7333,平均值0.2560。标记指数（MI）的变化范围在0.08~5.13,平均值0.93。48个水稻品种（系）间的遗传相似系数（GSC）在0.6390~0.9859之间,平均值0.7800,89.6%品种（系）的GSC在0.7189~0.9859之间,亲缘关系较近;以GSC为基础,按UPGMA方法在阈值0.75处将48个品种（系）划分为4大类群。由此可见,山东省育成和审定的水稻品种（系）遗传多样性不够丰富,品种（系）间的亲缘关系较近,需要进一步拓宽亲本选择范围,扩大遗传背景。

Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Rice Varieties (Lines) in Shandong Province

Genetic diversity of 48 rice varieties (lines) in Shandong were analyzed with 48 pairs of SSR primers published in the agricultural industry standard (NY/T 1433-2014) and fluorescent SSR-PCR technology was used in automatic DNA analyzer. The results indicated that a total of 40 pairs of SSR primers performed polymorphism and the polymorphism rate was 83.3%. One hundred and thirty-three alleles were detected with an average of 3.32, ranged from one to seven alleles per locus. The value of PIC ranged from 0.0384 to 0.7333 with an average of 0.2560 per SSR marker. The value of marker index (MI) ranged from 0.08 to 5.13, with an average of 0.93 per SSR marker. The genetic similarity coefficients (GSC) of 48 varieties (lines) ranged from 0.6390 to 0.9859, with an average of 0.7800, and GSCs of 89.6% tested materials ranged from 0.7189 to 0.9859 which showed they had closer genetic relationship. On the basis of GSCs, 48 varieties (lines) were divided into four groups at the threshold of 0.75 by UPGMA method. The results showed that the rice varieties (lines) in Shandong province had closer genetic relationship with each other and the genetic diversity was not enough. It was necessary to explore the genetic resources and enlarge the genetic background in order to increase the yield in current rice breeding.