基于GIS的云南早熟鲜食葡萄气候适宜性区划

为了研究云南早熟鲜食葡萄种植的气候适宜性,充分利用气候资源,找出早熟鲜食葡萄种植的适宜区域。以1981—2010年云南125个气象站观测数据为基础,结合早熟鲜食葡萄生长所需气候条件,筛选出5月≥10℃活动积温、1—5月≥10℃活动积温和4—5月降水量3个气候适宜性区划指标,采用GIS技术对云南早熟葡萄种植进行气候适宜性精细化区划。结果表明,最适宜区占全省面积的1.9%,主要分布在云南省干热河谷区,包括楚雄州的元谋、永仁东南部、双柏南部、大理州的宾川坝区、丽江市的华坪东部、永胜中部和南部、保山市的昌宁西部、怒江州的六库局部等地区;适宜区占8.9%,主要分布在红河北部、楚雄南部、昆明东南部、玉溪、普洱北部、大理南部、临沧东部、昭通北部和保山东部等地区;次适宜区占27.3%;不适宜区占61.9%。本研究将云南划分为4个早熟葡萄栽培气候区,对不同气候区进行分区评价,并对该地区葡萄的区域化种植提出建议,以期为云南葡萄产业的发展提供可靠的理论依据。

Climatic Suitability Regionalization of Early-Maturing Table Grape in Yunnan Based on GIS

The aims are to study the climatic suitability of Yunnan early-maturing table grape planting, make full use of climate resources, and find out the suitable planting area for early-maturing table grape. Based on the observation data collected from 125 weather stations in Yunnan between 1981 and 2010, and combined with the climatic conditions needed for precocity of table grape, 3 indicators were screened out, i.e., ≥10℃ active accumulated temperature in May, ≥10℃ active accumulated temperature from January to May and precipitation from April to May. GIS technology was used to divide climate suitability zones precisely for planting early-maturing table grape in Yunnan. The results showed that the most suitable areas covered 1.9% of the entire province, mostly in the dry-hot valley, e.g., Yuanmou, southeastern Yongren, and southern Shuangbai in Chuxiong Prefecture, Binchuan Dam Area in Dali Prefecture, eastern Huaping as well as central and southern Yongsheng in Lijiang City, western Changning in Baoshan City, part of Liuku in Nujiang Prefecture, etc. Moreover, the suitable areas accounted for 8.9%, mostly in northern Honghe, southern Chuxiong, southeastern Kunming, Yuxi, northern Pu'er, southern Dali, eastern Lincang, northern Zhaotong, eastern Baoshan, and so on. Lastly, the semi-suitable and unsuitable areas occupied 27.3% and 61.9% respectively. In this study, Yunnan was zoned into 4 climatic areas for early-maturing table grape planting. Each of the climatic areas was assessed, and corresponding suggestions were put forward for the regional planting of early-maturing table grape and the development of grape industry in Yunnan.