北方茶区茶树短穗扦插繁育技术研究

研究旨在提出适宜北方茶区茶树的扦插繁育技术,为抗寒茶树品种的选育和推广提供技术支撑。以无性系茶树品种‘中茶108’为试验材料,采用L₉(3⁴)正交试验设计,研究激素种类、插穗状态、浸蘸浓度和时间等因子对茶苗发育和扦插成活率的影响。正交试验结果显示,最优组合为A₁B₃C₃D₃,即插穗清水浸泡,扦插前浸蘸200 mg/L IBA 30 min,成活率达81.3%;4个扦插因素产生的效应由主到次依次为激素种类、插穗处理方式、激素的浸蘸时间、激素浓度。不同激素种类处理下,地上部发育指标显示IBA+NAA处理有利于叶片数量和干重增长;由茶苗根系发育情况表型观测可知,IBA+NAA处理根类组成较合理,有利于根系中一级侧根、延长根和吸收根的协同生长;由根系发育指标分析可知,IBA+NAA处理最大程度地促进了根系总根长、总表面积、根体积、根尖数和生物量的增长。由此确立最优扦插组合为插穗斜削后立即清水浸泡,扦插前用激素组合IBA(200 mg/L)+NAA(200 mg/L)浸蘸30 min后迅速插入基质。在此扦插组合下,27个茶树品种的扦插繁育特性差异较大,扦插成活率最高为91.1%,最低仅为12.17%,高于80%的有11个。研究结果在北方茶树扦插中具有较强的应用性,能够为茶树品种的选育和推广提供技术支撑。

Short-Spike Cutting Propagation Techniques of Tea Tree in Northern Tea Area

A cutting propagation suitable for tea trees in northern tea areas is proposed to provide references for the selection and promotion of cold-resistant tea varieties. An orthogonal experiment of four factors by three levels L₉(3⁴)] was applied to studying the effects of factors such as hormone type, cutting state, dip concentration and time on tea seedling development and cutting survival rate of ‘Zhongcha 108’. The results show that: the best combination is A₁B₃C₃D₃, in which, the cuttings are soaked in clear water and dip in 200 mg/L IBA for 30 min before cutting, and the survival rate is 81.3%; from primary to secondary, the effects of the 4 cutting factors are hormones type, cutting processing method, hormone dip time and hormone concentration. Under the treatment of different hormone types, the aboveground development data of tea seedlings show that IBA+NAA treatment is beneficial to the increase of leaf number and dry weight; the root development phenotype of tea seedlings indicates that the root composition under the IBA+NAA treatment is reasonable, which is conducive to the coordinated growth of first-level lateral roots, extended roots and absorption roots in the root system; the analysis of root system development indicators show that IBA+NAA treatment could maximize the growth of total root length, total surface area, root volume, number of root tips and biomass of the root system. The optimal cutting combination is: the cuttings are soaked in clean water immediately after beveling, and then planted into the matrix after dipping 30 min in hormone combination IBA (200 mg/L) + NAA (200 mg/L). Under the optimal combination of cuttings, the cutting propagation characteristics of 27 tea tree varieties are quite different. The cutting survival rate is 91.1% at the highest, 12.17% at the lowest, and 11 tea varieties have the survival rate higher than 80%. The research results have strong applicability in northern tea tree cuttings, and can provide technical support for the selection and promotion of tea varieties.