玉米品种京农科728机械粒收质量性状研究

玉米机械粒收已成为我国玉米生产发展的必然趋势。以首批通过籽粒机收组国家审定的主推品种京农科728为研究材料,于2016-2018年在黄淮海夏玉米区累计50个试点开展机械粒收质量性状研究,以期为该品种示范推广和机械粒收提供技术支持。结果表明,京农科728在6月1-22日播种,均能在9月10日-10月8日正常成熟,出苗-生理成熟期平均天数为100.3d。在生理成熟后10d左右机械粒收,平均籽粒含水率24.3%,平均籽粒破碎率3.9%,平均机收杂质率1.6%。京农科728机械粒收平均产量10 526.0kg/hm²,其中以山东省滨州市邹平县试点机收产量最高,为12 078.0kg/hm²,有40个试点机收产量≥10 000.0kg/hm²,占比80.0%。机收质量指标相关性分析表明,籽粒破碎率和杂质率与籽粒含水率呈极显著正相关（r分别为0.48和0.57,n=50）,籽粒含水率是影响玉米机械粒收质量的主要因素。由此可见,京农科728在黄淮海夏播玉米区具有良好播期适应性,6月上旬至下旬播种,最早9月中旬、最晚10月上旬均达生理成熟,机械粒收质量达国家机收籽粒标准,可实现玉米籽粒直收,且机收产量高,在黄淮海夏玉米区能够保证玉米机械粒收质量和产量,适宜大面积推广应用。

Study on the Quality of Mechanically Harvested Grain of Maize Variety Jingnongke 728

Mechanical grain harvest has become an inevitable trend in the development of maize production in China. In this study, Jingnongke 728 was used as the research material. From 2016 to 2018, a total of 50 trials were carried out in Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize region to study the quality characteristics of the mechanical grain harvest to provide technical support for the demonstration and promotion of this variety and mechanical grain harvest. The results showed that Jingnongke 728 could mature normally from September 10th to October 8th while it was sown from June 1st to June 22th. The average period from emergence to physiological maturity was 100.3d. The machine harvest average moisture content of Jingnongke 728 was 24.3%, the average grain broken rate was 3.9%, and the average impurity rate was 1.6% after 10d of maturity. The average grain yield of Jingnongke 728 was 10 526.0kg/ha whereas, the highest mechanical grain harvest yield was 12 078.0kg/ha at Zouping county, Binzhou city, Shandong province. The machine harvest yield of 40 sample sites were more than 10 000.0kg/ha, accounting for 80.0%. The correlation analysis showed that the grain broken rate and the impurity rate had a significant positive correlation (r were 0.48^** and 0.57^**, respectively; n=50) and the moisture content of maize grain was the main factor affecting the quality of mechanical grain harvest. It can be seen that Jingnongke 728 has good sowing date adaptability in the summer sowing maize area of Huang-Huai-Hai region. From the first ten days of June to the last ten days of June, it could reach physiological maturity as early as the middle of September and the first ten days of October at the latest. The quality of mechanical grain harvest could reach the national standard of the mechanical grain harvest, which could realize the direct harvest of maize grain and the high yield of mechanical harvesting. It can ensure the quality and the yield of mechanical grain harvest in Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize area and is suitable for large-scale application.