鲜食型紫薯新品种‘泰紫薯1号’的选育及生长发育规律研究

为明确紫薯品种生长发育规律,加速紫薯新品种的选育推广,从而为高产优质鲜食型紫薯品种的选育提供借鉴和指导。以‘泰中6号’做母本,开放授粉,育成优质鲜食型紫薯新品种‘泰紫薯1号’,并以‘泰中11’作对照对其生长发育规律进行研究。‘泰紫薯1号’在品比试验中平均鲜薯和薯干产量分别为36867.9 kg/hm²和10911.5 kg/hm²,较对照‘泰中11’分别增产28.4%和27.7%;花青素含量26.21 mg/100 g FW,食味品质总评得分75.5分,明显优于‘泰中11’。‘泰紫薯1号’单株茎叶鲜重及单株叶面积在栽苗后80天达到最大值且明显大于对照品种‘泰中11’,单株鲜薯重在栽苗后40~80天明显小于‘泰中11’,但在80天后明显高于‘泰中11’,块根膨大速率在栽苗后80~100天达到最大值且明显高于‘泰中11’,商品薯率尤其中薯率明显高于‘泰中11’。综上所述,‘泰紫薯1号’产量较高,商品性好,食味品质优,且具有早中期地上部生长旺盛,晚期块根迅速膨大的特点。

The Breeding and Law of Growth and Development of a New Fresh-eating Purple Sweet Potato Variety ‘Taizishu No.1’

The study aims to clarify the growth and development law of purple potato varieties and accelerate the breeding and promotion of new varieties, thus provide references for the breeding of fresh-eating purple sweet potato varieties with high yield and good quality. In this experiment, a new purple sweet potato variety ‘Taizishu No.1’ was bred by open pollination with ‘Taizhong No.6’ as female parent, the law of its growth and development was also studied with the ‘Taizhong11’ as control. The results showed that the average fresh and dried potato yields of ‘Taizishu No.1’ was 36867.9 kg/hm ² and 10911.5 kg/hm² respectively, 28.4% and 27.7% higher than those of the control ‘Taizhong 11’ in the comparison experiment; its content of anthocyanin was 26.21 mg/100 g FW, and the total score of eating quality was 75.5 points, which was significantly better than that of ‘Taizhong 11’. The fresh weight of stem and leaf per plant, and the leaf area per plant of ‘TaizishuNo.1’ could reach the maximum value at 80 days after planting, which were significantly higher than that of ‘Taizhong 11’. The weight of fresh tuber per plant of ‘Taizishu No.1’ was significantly lower than that of ‘Taizhong 11’ at 40-80 days after planting, but it was significantly higher than that of ‘Taizhong 11’ after 80 days. The tuber storage root expansion rate reached the maximum value at 80-100 days after planting, which was significantly higher than that of ‘Taizhong 11’, and the commercial potato rate, especially the medium potato rate, was significantly higher than that of ‘Taizhong 11’. In summary, the ‘Taizishu No.1’ has high yield, good marketability and good eating quality, as well as the characteristics of vigorous growth of shoot in early and middle stage, and rapid expansion of tuber in late stage.