海南新收集烟草种质资源的鉴定与遗传多样性分析

为将海南收集到的23份烟草种质资源编目和保存,通过田间表型性状调查,并利用SSR引物进行遗传多样性分析,构建指纹图谱。结果表明,供试种质的农艺性状和质量性状差异较大,不同农艺性状变异系数为20.69%~29.41%。聚类分析将收集的烟草种质资源分为3个类群,其中第Ⅱ类群的植株最高、叶片最大,可用于高产育种。从2000对SSR引物中筛选出12对扩增清晰、重复性和多态性好的引物,共检测到46个等位基因,平均每个标记3.83个,观测杂合度(Ho)平均值为0.5301,预期杂合度(He)平均值为0.4700。Shannon’s信息指数(I)为0.8930,Nei’s多样性指数(H)为0.4593,遗传多样性相对丰富。UPGMA聚类分析表明,在相似性系数0.206处,可将供试烟草资源分为2个类群。同时,利用12对引物构建了23份烟草种质的指纹图谱,为晒烟品种鉴定体系的研究提供理论参考。研究结果可为晒烟种质资源的鉴定与利用、雪茄烟育种亲本材料的选择等提供科学依据。

Identification and Genetic Diversity Analysis of Newly Collected Tobacco Germplasm Resources in Hainan Province

To catalogue and preserve 23 tobacco germplasm resources collected from Hainan Province, agronomic characters and genetic diversity of these tobacco germplasm resources were investigated, and the fingerprints were constructed. The results showed that the agronomic traits and qualitative traits of tested germplasms varied greatly. The coefficient of variation ranged from 20.69% to 29.41% in different agronomic traits. These collected tobacco germplasms were divided into 3 groups by clustering analysis. The germplasms from the second group were the tallest with the largest leaf, which could be used for high-yield breeding. In addition, 12 pairs of primers with specific amplification were screened from 2000 pairs of SSR primers, and 46 polymorphic bands were obtained. An average of 3.83 alleles was observed for each primer pair with the average heterozygosity (Ho) of 0.5301, and the average expected heterozygosity (He) of 0.4700. Shannon’s index was 0.8930, Nei’s index was 0.4593. The genetic diversity of the 23 tobacco germplasm resources was relatively abundant. These varieties were clustered into two groups at the genetic similarly coefficient of 0.206 by UPGMA cluster analysis. At the same time, 12 pairs of primers were used to construct the fingerprints of the 23 tobacco germplasm resources, which laid a theoretical foundation for the research on the identification system of sun-cured tobacco varieties. The study can provide reference for identification and utilization of sun-cured tobacco germplasm resources and selection of parent materials for cigar breeding.