醋糟不同配比覆盖对句容旱地葡萄园土壤理化性质的影响

为探明有机物料不同覆盖方式对句容旱地葡萄园土壤理化性质的影响,以5年生阳光玫瑰葡萄园地为研究对象,2018年5月以纯醋糟、醋糟+土壤调理剂、醋糟+黄腐酸钾、醋糟+生物炭、醋糟+微生物菌剂覆盖地表,在有机物料覆盖的基础上再设纯物料覆盖、物料+园艺地布覆盖、物料+无纺布覆盖,以清耕为对照,6个月后对0~20 cm土壤样品分析葡萄园土壤容重、硝态氮、铵态氮、有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾的变化。结果表明：醋糟配合不同添加剂铺施地表,再辅以无纺布或园艺地布覆盖,均可改善土壤结构,降低土壤容重,提升土壤有机质含量,增加氮磷钾速效养分。醋糟+黄腐酸钾均匀铺施地表与对照比土壤容重下降24.5%,再进行园艺地布覆盖,显著提高土壤有机质含量,与对照比提高147.8%;醋糟配合不同添加剂单独铺施或进行覆盖均提高土壤硝态氮、铵态氮、碱解氮、速效磷及速效钾的含量,其中醋糟+黄腐酸钾覆盖无纺布处理硝态氮含量比对照增加了6倍;醋糟配合不同添加剂单独铺施各处理土壤铵态氮含量高于硝态氮,而醋糟配合不同添加剂覆盖各处理则相反。综合比较各处理,醋糟+黄腐酸钾覆盖无纺布效果最好,建议在句容旱地葡萄园推广使用。

Effects of Different Proportions of Vinegar Residue Covering on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Dry Land Vineyard in Jurong

The effects of different mulching modes of organic materials on soil physical and chemical properties of dry land vineyard in Jurong were investigated. We took 5-year-old Sunshine Rose vineyard as the research object, in May 2018, pure vinegar residue, vinegar residue + soil conditioner, vinegar residue + fulvic acid potassium, vinegar residue + biochar and vinegar residue + microbial agent were used to covered the soil surface. On the basis of organic material coverage, pure material coverage, material + groundcover coverage, material + non-woven fabric coverage were set up, with clear tillage as control. Six months later, the changes of soil bulk density, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in 0-20 cm soil samples were analyzed. The results showed that vinegar residue combined with different additives and mulched with non-woven fabric or groundcover could improve soil structure, reduce soil bulk density, increase soil organic matter content, and increase available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients. The soil bulk density of vinegar residue + fulvic acid potassium decreased by 24.5% compared with that of control, and then mulched with groundcover, which significantly increased the soil organic matter content by 147.8% compared with the control; the soil nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium contents of vinegar residue combined with different additives were increased under bare material or with mulching. Among them, the soil nitrate nitrogen content in the treatment of vinegar residue + fulvic acid potassium mulched with non-woven fabric increased 6 times compared with that of the control; the soil ammonium nitrogen content was higher than nitrate nitrogen in the treatments of vinegar residue combined with different additives without mulching, contrary to the treatments of vinegar residue combined with different additives with mulching. Through the comprehensive comparison of all the treatments, covering non-woven fabric with vinegar residue and fulvic acid potassium has the best effect and could be applied widely in dry land vineyard in Jurong.