哈尔滨太阳岛外滩湿地春季大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构及与环境因子的关系

为了解哈尔滨太阳岛外滩湿地大型底栖无脊椎动物群落特征及其与环境因子的关系,于2016年5月对其进行了春季大型底栖无脊椎动物采样调查。此次调查共采集到大型底栖无脊椎动物10目12科34种。其中水生昆虫19种,占总物种数的55.88%;软体动物9种,占26.47%;环节动物4种,占11.76%;甲壳动物2种,占5.88%。优势种有3种,分别为步行多足摇蚊(Polypedilum pedestre)、黄色多足摇蚊(Polypedilum flavum)和圆顶珠蚌(Unio douglasiae)。研究地大型底栖无脊椎动物的栖息密度和生物量分别为157.44±103.28ind/m2和229.61±517.29g/m2。3种生物指数的分析结果如下:Simpson多样性指数为4.11±1.85,Margalef丰富度指数为0.83±0.48,Shannon-Weiner多样性指数为1.35±0.66。影响大型底栖无脊椎动物分布的主要水体理化因子为磷酸盐和氧化还原电位。通过典范对应分析和灰色系统关联度分析,表明与太阳岛外滩湿地大型底栖无脊椎动物的物种组成和密度关系最为密切的水体理化因子为酸碱度,而对生物量影响最大的为亚硝酸盐。

Macroinvertebrates community structure and its relationship with environmental factors in Sun Island Bund Wetland of Harbin in spring

To investigate the structure of macroinvertebrates community and its relationship with environmental factors in Sun Island Bund Wetland of Harbin in spring,a survey was carried out on May,2016.A total of 34 species of macroinvertebrates,which belonged to 10 orders and 12 families,were collected.The aquatic insect class had the highest number of 19 species contributing 55.88% of the total species,which was followed by mollusk 9 species contributing 26.47%.Four species of annelid and 2 species of crustacean accounted for 11.76% and 5.88% of the total species,respectively.Polypedilum pedestre,P.flavum and Unio douglasiae were the most dominant species of all.The density of the macroinvertebrates in the Sun Island Bund Wetland was 157.44±103.28 ind/m²,and the biomass was 229.61±517.29 g/m².The Simpson diversity index,Margalef richness index and Shannon-Weiner index were 4.11±1.85,0.83±0.48,and 1.35±0.66,respectively.The main water physical and chemical factors affecting the distribution of macroinvertebrates were total phosphorus and oxidation-reduction potential.The study showed that pH had the closest relationship with the species composition and density of macroinvertebrates in Sun Island Bund Wetland of Harbin,while the nitrite displayed the greatest impact on biomass.