猪繁殖与呼吸综合征疫苗佐剂研究进展

疫苗免疫是预防和控制传染病的主要措施,但对于猪繁殖与呼吸综合征,疫苗免疫存在免疫效率低与安全性差的问题,效果并不理想。因此,如何在安全剂量下提高动物机体的免疫力,成为疫苗研究的热点之一。试验证明细胞因子、化学试剂和微生物产物等几种免疫佐剂可以增强猪繁殖与呼吸综合征疫苗的免疫效果。在研究的9个疫苗佐剂中,IL-2、IL-12、IFN-α、poly IC和poly ICLC、CpG ODN等能增强猪繁殖与呼吸综合征疫苗的细胞免疫效应;CpG ODN和霍乱毒素能显著提高猪繁殖与呼吸综合征疫苗的抗体产生水平;IL-2和CpG ODN在临床实验中能增强疫苗对实验动物的保护,是最具潜力的免疫佐剂。

ADJUVANTS FOR PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME VACCINES

In this review we identify some research efforts attempted to find vaccine adjuvants for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome（PRRS） vaccines.PRRS vaccines by themselves only elicit weak and delayed cell-mediated immune（CMI） and antibody responses.Several kinds of substances have been utilized as adjuvants to accelerate and magnify immune responses to PRRS vaccines.These include cytokines,chemical reagents and bacterial products.Of nine vaccine adjuvants tested,interleukin-2（IL-2）,IL-12,interferon α（IFN-α）,polyinosinic and polycytidylic acid,cytidine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides（CpG ODN） strengthen CMI response to PRRS vaccines.CpG ODN and cholera toxin significantly enhance PRRSV-specific antibody response.The results show IL-2 and CpG ODN are the most promising vaccine adjuvants due to their enhancing protective efficacy of PRRS vaccines.