唐菖蒲响应电子束转靶X射线辐照的生物学效应和辐射敏感性评价

为探究不同电子束转靶X射线辐射处理对不同品种唐菖蒲VM₁、VM₂营养生长和生殖生长的影响,选用道兰、白色昌盛、湖岸、柏辽兹、贝多芬5个品种为试验材料,设置0(CK)、25、50、75、100 Gy共5个辐射处理,通过调查种球繁殖率、种球直径、发芽率、株高、叶面积、形态变化、开花等指标,研究电子束转靶X射线辐射对唐菖蒲的生物学效应和辐射敏感性。结果表明,25 Gy处理有利于种球的繁殖、膨大和萌发,可促进不同品种唐菖蒲的生长发育。随着辐射剂量的增加,辐射处理对唐菖蒲各品种VM₁种球发芽无明显影响,但显著抑制VM₂种球发芽;通过建立半致死剂量回归方程得出道兰、湖岸、柏辽兹、白色昌盛和贝多芬5个品种的半致死剂量分别为78.00、48.24、87.07、47.69和86.81 Gy,5个品种的唐菖蒲辐射敏感性由弱到强依次为柏辽兹<贝多芬<道兰<湖岸<白色昌盛。从生长发育来看,X射线辐射产生的损伤效应具有滞后性,VM₁植株受到的生长影响极小。随着辐射剂量的增加,75~100 Gy辐射处理对VM₂植株的抑制程度增大,且易诱发更多的植株形态变异,主要表现为叶片短小且互相套迭、叶连呈锥形、叶色变异等;电镜观察发现变异植株的叶片沟壑、凸起和气孔变化明显。此外,25 Gy处理后的柏辽兹和道兰VM₂可再次开花,且性状优于对照,但花粉辐射损伤严重。综合各指标得出,电子束转靶X射线对唐菖蒲生长发育具有低促高抑的作用。本研究结果为利用X射线辐射诱变育种方法培育高品质唐菖蒲品种提供了一定的理论依据。

Responds of Electron Beam to Target X-Ray Irradiation onBio-effect of Gladiolus gandavensis and Evaluation of Radiosensitivity

In order to explore the effects of different electron beam target X-ray irradiation treatments on the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of different varieties of gladiolus, VM₁ and VM₂ of five varieties, Dowland, White Prosper, Lakeland, Berlioz and Beethoven, were selected as the research material. Set 0 (CK), 25, 50, 75, 100 Gy for five radiation treatments. By investigating reproductive rate, bulb size, germination rate, plant height, leaf area, leaf morphology, chlorophyll content and flowering characteristics of gladiolus and so on, explored the radiobiological effects and radiosensitivity of gladiolus on electron beam to target X-ray irradiation. The results showed that 25 Gy treatment was beneficial to the propagation, expansion and germination of the bulbs, which could promote the growth and development of different varieties of gladiolus. With the increase of dose, irradiation had no obvious effect on the germination of VM₁ bulbs of Gladiolus varieties, but significantly inhibited the germination of VM₂ bulbs. The fitting equation showed that the semi-lethal dose of each variety was obtained. The calculated half-lethal doses were 78.00(Dowland), 48.24(Lakeland), 87.07(Berlioz), 47.69(white prosper) and 86.81 Gy (Beethoven). The radiation sensitivity of five varieties of gladiolus from weak to strong was Berlioz1 plant was almost unaffected. After 75-100 Gy irradiation, the inhibition of VM₂ plants increased with the increase of radiation dose, and more mutants were easily induced. After irradiation, the plants of VM₂ generation showed morphological variation, which mainly showed that the leaves were short and overlapped with each other, the leaf cones were conical, the leaf color was variable, and so on. The variation of leaf gully, protuberance and stomata were observed by scanning electron microscope. In addition, the VM₂ of Berlioz and Dawland treated with 25 Gy could blossom again, and the characters were better than CK, but the pollen radiation damage was serious. The results showed that electron beam transfer to target X-ray has promoted growth in low dose and inhibited growth in high dose. This study provides a theoretical basis for the breeding of high quality gladiolus varieties by X-ray radiation mutagenesis.