转基因和基因编辑猪的研究进展

猪是重要的农业经济动物,其在遗传背景、解剖学、生理病理学、营养代谢和疾病特征等方面与人类高度相似,是农业生产性状改良、人类疾病动物模型和异种器官移植研究的重要对象。随着ZFN、TALEN和CRISPR等基因编辑技术的出现,转基因或基因编辑猪的研究取得快速发展。本文将结合当前我国转基因及基因编辑猪的研究现状,对基因编辑技术在农业生产性状改良如提高产肉量、改善肉质、提高抗病能力和建立人类疾病模型、动物生物反应器、异种器官移植等方面进行综述,以期为猪遗传改良和医学研究提供参考。

Advances on transgenic and gene-edited pigs

Pigs are important agricultural animals and highly similar to humans in terms of genetic background, anatomy, physiological pathology, nutrient metabolism and disease characteristics. Pigs are intensively studied for the improvement of production traits, establishment of animal models for human diseases and xenotransplantation. With the emergence of gene editing technologies, such as ZFN, TALEN and CRISPR, the research on transgenic or gene-edited pigs has achieved a rapid development. This review summarizes the current research advance of transgenic and gene-edited pigs in China. We also review the applications of gene editing technology in agricultural area, such as increasing meat production, improving meat quality, and resisting disease, as well as in biomedical study such as establishing human disease models, animal bioreactors and xenotransplantation for references of pig genetic improvement and medical research.