叶面喷施硒肥对小麦籽粒及面粉硒含量的影响

为了探明叶面喷施硒肥对小麦籽粒及制粉各粉路硒含量的影响,本研究选用4个小麦品种,在拔节和抽穗期分2次喷施0.017%亚硒酸钠叶面肥,并对成熟期籽粒进行制粉,分析各粉路的总硒、无机硒和有机硒含量。结果表明,叶面喷硒对小麦籽粒和面粉的总硒、有机硒和无机硒含量的影响存在品种间差异。喷施硒肥后,4个小麦品种籽粒的总硒含量提高了26.4~35.8倍,但小麦籽粒产量无显著变化。皮磨粉、心磨粉、统粉、小麸和大麸5种粉路中,小麸的总硒含量最高,其次为大麸,皮磨粉、心磨粉和统粉的总硒含量较低。与硬质小麦相比,软质小麦出粉率低,面粉的总硒量损失较多。经制粉,对照和喷硒样本的总硒积累量分别损失52.97%~69.28%和36.73%~44.51%。对照样本中,各粉路的有机硒含量略高于无机硒含量;而喷硒处理样品中,除宁麦20的小麸外,各粉路的有机硒含量均略低于无机硒含量。本研究揭示了制粉粉路硒分布规律,这对于富硒小麦的加工利用具有重要的指导作用。

Effects of Selenium Foliar Spray on Selenium Distribution in Milling Fractions in Common Wheat

To clarify effect of Selenium foliar spray on Selenium concentration in wheat kernel and milling fractions foliar spray with 0.017% Na₂SeO₃ aqueous solution at the jointing-heading growth stage were applied in four wheat varieties. The concentrations of total Se, organic Se, and inorganic Se in kernel and milling fractions (MLU 202 experiment mill) were determined. The assimilation and distribution of the three Se forms in kernel and milling fractions were affected by genotype. Foliar spray increased total Se concentration in wheat grains by 26.4 to 35.8 times in four wheat varieties, and did not significantly change kernel yield. The Se concentration in the milling fractions followed the order of shorts>bran>Grinding powder>Heart flour>Series powder. Hard wheat lost less Se than soft wheat did as a result of the higher straight flour yield in hard wheat. Se lost in controls and Se foliar spray samples were 53.0% to 69.3% and 36.7% to 44.5%, respectively. Concentration of organic Se was higher than that of inorganic Se in all milling fractions of control samples, and the opposite result was observed in Se foliar spray samples except for the shorts of Ningmai 20. The results of Se distribution in kernel and milling fractions in this study play an important guiding role in the processing and utilization of Se enriched wheat.