西南地区玉米地方种质的表型特性分析

采用田间试验, 分析评价来自西南地区50个玉米地方品种的表型特征。西南地区玉米地方品种在各农艺、经济性状上存在极显著差异, 经济性状的变异程度较农艺性状的变异程度高;多数玉米地方品种植株和穗位较高, 平均株高和穗位高分别高达2.64 m和1.38 m。根据主成分分析结果, 从供试材料中选出10个表现较优的地方品种。表型性状的聚类结果不能反映玉米地方品种的地理来源。西南地区玉米地方品种蕴藏丰富的优良种质, 有必要加强这一种质的保护与利用。

Analysis on Phenotypic Characteristics of Maize Landraces from Southwest China

Using the field experiment, the phenotypic characteristics of 50 maize landraces from southwest China was analysized. The results showed that variances of maize landraces in all agronomic and economic traits were significant at 0.01 level. In comparison of the variation coefficients between agronomic and economic traits, the latter was higher than the former. Most landraces exhibited poor in plant height, and their plant and ear height were 2.64 and 1.38 m, respectively. Based on the principal component analysis, 10 maize landraces with superior character were selected from the materials, and the cluster analysis did not reveal the geographical orgin. Wholly, there existed rich superior germplasm in the maize landraces. It is necessary to protect and utilize the exclusive germplasm.