超声波辅助提取鱼脑磷脂的研究

以鲣鱼脑为原料,对鱼脑磷脂超声提取方法进行了研究.以磷脂提取率为评价指标,通过单因素和正交试验优化了鱼脑磷脂提取的条件.结果表明：以正己烷-乙醇（体积比2∶1）为提取溶剂,超声提取时间为40 min,超声温度为35℃,固液比为1∶9 （g∶ mL）,超声提取2次,在此条件下鱼脑磷脂的提取率达到氯仿-甲醇法的87.1％;通过薄层色谱分析,确定鲣鱼脑磷脂中含有磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰胆碱和神经鞘磷脂3种磷脂;用气相色谱法测定鲣鱼脑磷脂的脂肪酸组成,高不饱和脂肪酸中DHA和EPA的含量分别为21.1％和2.4％.研究表明,用超声法提取鱼脑磷脂具有可行性,鱼脑磷脂中含丰富的不饱和脂肪酸,在食品加工中具有一定的应用前景.

The extraction of phospholipids from skipjack brain by ultrasonic wave

In this study, the extraction of phospholipids from skipjack brain was studied by ultrasonic method, and optimized by a single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment. The optimal conditions or extraction yield of phospholipids were obtained as the following conditions of the ratio of hexane and ethanol = 2 ： 1, 40 rain, 35 ℃, the ratio of material to solvent = 1 ： 9, and ultrasonic method for twice, with the phospholipids extraction efficiency of 87. 1% relative to the chloroform-methanol method. The thin-layer chromatography （TLC）revealed that the phospholipids contained phosphatidylethanolamine （ PE ）, phosphatidylcholine （ PC ）, and sphingomyelin （ SM ）. The gas chromatography analysis showed that there were high unsaturated fatty acids including 21.1% of DHA and 2.4% EPA in the phospholipid fatty acids of skipjack brain. The findings indicate that it is feasible to extract phos- pholipids from the fish brain by ultrasonic method, and that there is rich in unsaturated fatty acids in the phospho- lipids of the skipjack brain, showing some potential for development in food processing.