空气污染天气过程与气象要素的关系研究

本文基于环境空气质量监测数据和气象观测数据,对2017年3月北京地区一次空气污染过程的特征、天气形势以及气象要素特征等进行了综合分析。结果表明,天气形势静稳、缺少北方冷空气南下、逆温、扩散条件差、以南风为主等是污染物累积阶段的大气环流特征,也是导致北京地区空气污染的主要原因。气象要素与污染物扩散、稀释联系紧密,风速越大,污染物浓度扩散稀释越快,空气质量指数越低;逆温强度增大,污染物浓度升高,污染加重;降水量对于空气污染物浓度具有一定稀释作用。

Study on the relationship between air pollution weather process and meteorological elements

Based on the environmental air quality monitoring data and meteorological observation data, this paper made a comprehensive analysis of an air pollution weather process in Beijing in March 2017,the study included characteristics of primary air pollution process, the weather situation and meteorological elements. The results showed that the characteristics of weather situation in the accumulation phase of pollutants were static and stable weather situation, lack of northern cold air southward, temperature inversion, poor diffusion conditions and mainly southern wind, which were also the main causes of air pollution in Beijing area. Meteorological elements are closely related to pollutant diffusion and dilution. The higher the wind speed, the faster the pollutant concentration diffusion and dilution, and the lower the air quality index. The intensity of temperature inversion increases, the pollutant concentration increases, and the pollution increases. Precipitation has some dilution effect on air pollutant concentration.