坝上地区奶牛舍和犊牛舍冬季有害气体的检测

试验旨在研究高寒地区奶牛舍和犊牛舍冬季有害气体的含量变化,选取河北省坝上高原具有代表性的3种奶牛舍和4种犊牛舍,检测冬季不同时间段牛舍内外空气中氨气(NH₃)和二氧化碳(CO₂)的含量。结果显示,不设舍外运动场的奶牛舍中CO₂含量极显著高于带舍外运动场的奶牛舍(P < 0.01),且晚上CO₂含量高于早上和中午,最高达4 481.7 mg/m³(奶牛舍1)。所有犊牛舍CO₂含量均表现为早晚高、中午低的规律性,所有奶牛舍和犊牛舍内CO₂含量均极显著或显著高于净道或运动场(P < 0.01;P < 0.05)。3种奶牛舍19:00后NH₃含量出现急剧升高的趋势。奶牛舍3只检测到低浓度的NH₃,波动范围为0~0.36 mg/m³,犊牛舍的NH₃含量介于0.71~5.28 mg/m³。综上所述,奶牛舍和犊牛舍有害气体含量与牛舍建筑类型和结构相关,密闭性好的牛舍CO₂和NH₃含量均较高,甚至出现CO₂含量严重超标的现象。为降低舍内的有害气体含量,寒冷地区应在考虑牛舍保温设计的同时,兼顾通风换气的设计,以改善牛舍的空气质量。

Investigation of Harmful Gases of Dairy Cow houses and Calf Houses in Winter in Bashang Region

The objective of this study was to investigate harmful gases concentrations of dairy cow houses in winter in the chill region of Hebei province.Three styles of dairy cow houses and four styles of calf houses in Bashang plateau in Hebei province were used in this study to determine NH₃ and CO₂ concentrations.The results showed that the CO₂ concentrations were extremely significantly higher in well-closed dairy cow houses than that with exercise yards (P < 0.01).And the CO₂ concentration in the evening was higher than that in the morning and at noon,reaching up to 4 481.7 mg/m³(dairy cow house 1).The CO₂ concentrations in all calf houses were high in the morning and evening and low at noon.Besides,the CO₂concentrations in all dairy cow houses and calf houses were extremely significantly or significantly higher than that in the net roads or exercise yards (P < 0.01;P < 0.05).The NH₃ concentration of three dairy cow houses showed a sharp rise trend after 19:00 and the dairy cow house 3 only detected the low concentration of NH₃ which ranged from 0 to 0.36 mg/m³.The NH₃ concentration of the calve houses were changing from 0.71 to 5.28 mg/m³.In conclusion,the harmful gas concentration related to the building types and structure that CO₂ and NH₃ concentration were higher when the cowsheds were sealed,even exceeded standard badly.To reduce the harmful gas content in the house,the ventilation should be taken into account to improve the air quality.