长清茶树生长气候条件分析及影响

为开展利用气候资料进行茶树生长季气象服务工作，研究了茶树生长季的气象要素指标值，利用长清地区（1981—2010年）的气候资料，分析了热量、水分和光照条件的分布特征及地区常见的气象灾害，探讨了有利和不利的气候因素以及对茶树生长发育的影响。结果表明：年平均气温基本满足茶树生长的需求，冬、夏两季气温相差较大，影响茶树的生产周期和旺季生长；1—4月的低温冻害，对茶芽的萌动和春茶的产量有一定影响；长清月平均降水量变化较大，5—9月降水量基本满足茶树生长的需求，冬春季节（12—4月）的降水量偏少，加上空气干燥，不利于春茶产量的提高；光照时数能满足茶树生长的要求，但在茶树生长季的6—9月，日照百分率＞45%，茶叶品质受到影响。准确掌握当地气候条件的利弊，为建设发展现代化农业，提供气象依据和科学指导。

Climatic Condition for Tea Plant Growth in Changqing

To carry out meteorological services for tea tree in growing season by using climatic data, the authors studied the indexes of meteorological factors, utilized climatic data in Changqing from 1981 to 2010, and analyzed the distribution characteristics of heat, moisture and light conditions and the common meteorological disasters, discussed the favorable and unfavorable climatic factors and their influence on the growth and development of tea plants. Results showed that: the annual average temperature basically met the needs of tea plant growth; the temperature difference between winter and summer was obvious, which influenced the production cycle and the growth of tea plant; freeze injury from January to April had certain influence on germination of tea bud and yield of spring tea; monthly mean precipitation change in Changqing was significant, precipitation from May to September basically met the demand of tea growth; precipitation in winter and spring (December to April) was less, combined with dry air, was not conducive to the improvement of tea yield; light could meet the requirements for tea growth, but sunshine percentage was more than 45% from June to September, which was the growing season of tea, and tea quality were affected. Accurately understanding the local climatic conditions can provide meteorological basis and scientific guidance for the construction and development of modern agriculture.