哈尔滨市曙光滨水公园的生态敏感性分析

在进行区域景观规划与设计时,首先应对规划区域进行生态敏感性分析。因高敏感区的环境承载能力低,对人类活动的干扰敏感性强,因此要根据不同的敏感性进行合理规划。生态敏感性分析作为理论成熟、应用广泛的技术方法,能够为城市规划提供科学有效的依据。该研究的公园地形起伏较大,全园坡向多样化,且马家沟河由北向南穿越项目场地,这些都成为公园景观规划与设计的限制性因素。采用GIS技术、层次分析法(AHP)和加权叠加法等方法,确定全园敏感因子及其权重。结果表明:高程、坡向、水域是曙光滨水公园的3个生态敏感性单因子;公园的高程处于中度和低度敏感等级,坡向处于中度敏感和不敏感等级,水域处于低度敏感与不敏感等级之间;3个生态敏感性单因子按不同权重叠加后,曙光滨水公园的生态极敏感、高度敏感、中度敏感、低度敏感和不敏感区域面积分别占园区总面积的0.54%、11.33%、37.47%、29.06%、10.80%;滨水公园的综合性生态敏感性等级为中度敏感和低敏感,利于景观规划设计与建设开发。

Ecological Sensitivity Analysis of the Shuguang Waterfront Park in Harbin

In the planning and design of regional landscape,the ecological sensitivity analysis should be carried out first.Due to low environmental carrying capacity of high-sensitive areas and strong interference sensitivity to human activities,reasonable planning should be carried out according to different sensitivities.As a mature and widely used technical method,ecological sensitivity analysis could provide a scientific and effective basis for urban planning.In this case, the park′s topography was undulating,the slope of the park was diversified,and the project site of the majiagou river crossing from north to south has become the limiting factor of the park′s landscape planning and design.In this study,GIS technology,AHP and weighted superposition were adopted to determine the sensitive factors and their weights.The results showd that the elevation,slope direction and water area were three single ecological sensitive factors in Shuguang Waterfront Park.The elevation of the park was in the moderate and low sensitivity level,the slope was in the moderate sensitivity and insensitivity level,and the water area was between the low sensitivity and insensitivity level.After the three single factors of ecological sensitivity were superimposed according to different weights,the areas of extremely sensitive,highly sensitive,moderately sensitive,low sensitive and insensitive in Shuguang Waterfront Park accounted for 0.54%,11.33%,37.47%,29.06%and 10.80%of the total area of the park,respectively.The comprehensive ecological sensitivity of the Waterfront Park was moderate and low,which was conducive to landscape planning,design,construction and development.