饲粮添加亚麻油和亚麻籽对绒山羊羔羊屠宰性能、器官生长发育及肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究舍饲条件下饲粮添加亚麻油和亚麻籽对绒山羊羔羊屠宰性能、器官生长发育及肉品质的影响。试验采用单因素完全随机试验设计,选择体重为(18.60±0.10)kg的60只4月龄阿尔巴斯断奶羯羔,随机分为对照组(CON组)、亚麻油组(LSO组)和亚麻籽组(HLS组)3个组,每组4个重复,每个重复5只羊。在育肥前期(1~30 d)、中期(31~60 d)和后期(61~90 d),CON组饲喂基础饲粮,LSO组分别饲喂添加2.0%、2.0%和2.5%亚麻油的试验饲粮,HLS组分别饲喂添加5.5%、5.5%和7.0%热处理亚麻籽(120℃翻炒10 min)的试验饲粮。预试期14 d,正试期90 d。结果表明:1)LSO组羔羊的胴体重、屠宰率、肾脂重、尾脂重和脂肪组织重显著高于HLS组(P<0.05)。2)与CON组相比,LSO组羔羊的蹄、毛皮和头+蹄+毛皮+血液重显著增加(P<0.05),而HLS组显著降低(P<0.05)。与CON组和HLS组相比,LSO组羔羊的心脏、肾脏和内脏器官重显著增加(P<0.05),肺脏和胰脏指数显著降低(P<0.05)。与CON组相比,LSO组和HLS组羔羊的网胃重显著降低(P<0.05),HLS组羔羊的瓣胃重显著降低(P<0.05)。3)HLS组羔羊背最长肌的蒸煮损失和红度值显著高于LSO组(P<0.05),亮度值显著低于LSO组(P<0.05)。与CON组相比,LSO组羔羊背最长肌的黄度值显著增加(P<0.05),而HLS组显著降低(P<0.05)。与CON组相比,LSO组和HLS组羔羊的臂三头肌干物质、背最长肌粗蛋白质含量显著增加(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮添加亚麻油降低了绒山羊羔羊外部组织器官、内脏器官和消化道占体重的比例,屠宰性能较好,脂肪沉积也有所增加;饲粮添加亚麻籽的羔羊肉色和肌肉营养价值优于饲粮添加亚麻油的羔羊。

Effects of Dietary Linseed Oil and Linseed on Slaughter Performance,Organ Growth and Development and Meat Quality of Cashmere Goat Lambs

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary linseed oil and linseed on slaughter performance,organ growth and development and meat quality of cashmere goat lambs under stall-feeding condition.The experiment adopted a single-factor randomized block design,sixty 4-month-old Albas weaning lambs with body weight of(18.60±0.10)kg were randomly divided into 3 groupscontrol group(CON group),linseed oil group(LSO group)and linseed group(HLS group)]with 4 replicates per group and 5 lambs per replicate.During early fattening stage(1 to 30 d),middle fattening stage(31 to 60 d)and late fattening stage(61 to 90 d),lambs in the CON group were fed basal diets(concentrate-to-forage ratio was 5∶5),lambs in the LSO group were fed basal diets supplemented with 2.0%,2.0%and 2.5%linseed oil,and lambs in the HLS group were fed basal diets supplemented with 5.5%,5.5%and 7.0%heated linseed(stirfried at 120℃for 10 min).The pre-experimental period lasted for 14 days,and the experimental period lasted for 90 days.The results showed as follows:1)the carcass weight,dressing percentage,kidney fat weight,tail fat weight and fat tissue weight of lambs of LSO group were significantly higher than those of HLS group(P<0.05).2)Compared with the CON group,the weights of feet+wool and skin and head+feet+wool and skin+blood of lambs of LSO group were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the HLS group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the CON group and HLS group,the weights of heart,kidney and internal organ of lambs of LSO group were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the indexes of lung and pancreas were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the CON group,the reticulum weight of lambs of LSO group and HLS group was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the omasum weight of lambs of HLS group was significantly increased(P<0.05).3)The cooking loss and redness value of longissmus dorsi of lambs of HLS group were significantly higher than those of LSO group(P<0.05),and the brightness value was significantly lower than that of LSO group(P<0.05).Compared with the CON group,the contents of dry matter in triceps brachii and crude protein in longissmus dorsi of lambs of LSO group and HLS group were significantly increased(P<0.05).In conclusion,dietary linseed oil increases the percentage to body weight of external tissue organs,internal organs and digestive tract of cashmere goat lambs,the slaughter performance is better,and the fat deposition is increased;the meat color and muscle nutritional value of lambs fed linseed diet are better than lambs fed linseed oi diet.