贵州地方稻种大穗大粒型种质资源性状评价

以贵州入编《中国稻种资源目录》的518份大穗型和492份大粒型地方资源为材料,分别对其区域分布、类型、生育期、株高、单株有效穗、穗长、穗粒数、结实率、千粒重等性状和抗病、抗逆特性进行了鉴定评价。结果表明,贵州大穗、大粒型稻种资源较为集中地分布于黔西南、黔东南及黔南三个地区,占样品总量的62.8%;其类型丰富,单株有效穗、穗粒数等性状变异较大,遗传多样;其中,综合性状优良的种质在水稻种质创新和高产改良中具有重要的利用价值。

Evaluation on Agronomic Characters of Local Rice Germplasm with Heavy Spike and Big Grain in Guizhou

The distribution,type,growth period,plant height,effective spike per plant,spike length,grain per spike,setting rate,1000-grain weight,disease resistance and adverse resistance of 518 and 492 local rice varieties with heavy spike and big grain from Guizhou are identified.The results show that the rice germplasm with heavy spike and big grain is mainly distributed in Qianxinan,Qiandongnan and Qiannan regions,accounting for about 62.8%.These germplasms are rich in the genetic diversity and variance of quantitative characters,which have the important utilization value in rice higher yield breeding.