昆明地区25种木本植物的燃烧性及防火树种筛选

用自行设计的燃烧试验装置对昆明地区25种木本植物的活枝叶进行了燃烧试验,在测定和分析样品引燃时间、有焰燃烧阶段烟气温度变化和质量损失过程等基础上,提出了植物的燃烧性参数,即单位质量可燃物在有焰燃烧阶段产生的烟气温升峰面积与引燃时间之比。根据燃烧性参数值大小对25种植物的燃烧性进行了的排序。结合这些植物的生物学、生态学、造林学特性及经济价值,筛选出东魁杨梅Myrica rubra var.typica,荸荠杨梅Myrica rubra var.atropurpurea,油茶Camellia aleifera,野八角Illicium simonsii,大树杨梅Myrica esculenta,银荆Acacia dealbata,尼泊尔桤木Alnus nepalensis,马蹄荷Exbucklandia populnea等为昆明地区的防火树种,东魁杨梅、荸荠杨梅和油茶是营林防火和营造防火林带的首选树种,小白花杜鹃Rhododendron siderophyllum,大白花杜鹃Rhododendron decorum,米饭花Vaccinium sprengelii,云南含笑Michelia yunnanensis,岗柃Euryagroffii,厚皮香Ternstroemia gymnanthera等是难燃树种,但不是理想的防火林带树种,可以应用于营林防火中。

Combustibility of 25 woody plants for selection of fire-resistant tree species in kunming area

Combustion experiments of living branches and leaves of 25 woody plants in Kunming area were conducted with a combustion device designed by the authors. The combustion characteristic parameters, namely the ratio between area of smoke temperature net rising curves apices per unit mass fuel in flaming stage and ignition time, were put forward based on lighting time, smoke temperature and weight losing in flaming stage. The combustibility orders were put forward based on combustion characteristic parameters.According to the combustibility, biological, ecological, silvics and economic characters of 25 woody plants, Myrica rubra var. typ/ca, Myrica rubra var. atropurpurea, Camellia aleifera, Illicium simonsii,Myrica esculenta, Acacia dealbata, Alnus nepalensis and Exbucklandia populnea were fire-resistant tree species. Myrica rubra var. typica, Myrica rubra var. atropurpurea and Camcllia aleifera were the best choices as fire-prevention and fire-resistant tree species. Rhododendron siderophyllum, Rhododendron decorum, Vaccinium sprengelii, Michelia yunnanensi, Eurya japonica and Ternstroemia gymmanthera were hard combustible but not good fire-resistant tree species and could be applied as fire-prevention species for forestation.