两种抗生细菌防治林木病害研究初报

假单胞菌(代号P751)和蜡状芽孢杆菌(代号BC752)是从马尾松叶上分离的两株杆状细菌,对松赤落叶病、泡桐炭疽病、镰刀菌等5种林木病菌孢子有溶解作用,溶菌率达85.67～99.27％;对松赤枯病等3种病菌孢子萌发有抑制作用;对多种化学农药具有抗性。田间试验,防治泡桐炭疽病、松赤落叶病、杜仲环剥烂皮等5种林木病害具有不同程度的效果。经用两菌液拌种飞机播种造林试验,使马尾松叶枯病降低27.55～72.25％,出苗率有所提高。这两株杆菌对人畜基本安全。

TWO POTENTIAL BACTERIAL BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS OF SOME COMMON FOREST DISEASES

This paper describes the morphology, cultural characteristics and control potential of two antagnistic bacteria, Pseudomonas sp. (P751) and Bacillus cereus (BC752), both isolated from the needles of Pinus massoniana. The two bacteria were found to cause 85.7-99.3% of lysis to the conidia and ascospores of Colletotrichum gloeosprioides. Hypoderma desmazierii. and Fusarium sp.. They were inhabitive to the conidium germination of Pestalotia funerea. Botrytis cinereu and Alternaria sp.. In field trials, the control effects of the two bacteria to C. gloeosprioides. the bark rot (Eucommia ulmoides). anthracnose (Cunninghamia lanceolate), and pine red needle cast (Hypoderma desmazierii) were 52.3-59.8%, 78.9-91,9%, 15.5-52.1% and 87.3-91.4%, respectively. When P751 solution was mixed in the seeds of Masson's pine for aerial sowing, a 55.7% increase of seed germination and 21.2% increase in seedling height were obtained, compared with the nontreated check. The two bacteria were resistant to 7 fungicides and insecticides, and were safe to human and animals.