An efficient laser sensor system for apple impact bruise volume estimation |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey;2. Department of Electrical – Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey;1. Centre of Excellence for Postharvest Biotechnology (CEPB), School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih 43500, Selangor D.E., Malaysia;2. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Atlantic Food and Horticulture Research Centre, 32 Main Street, Kentville, Nova Scotia B4N 1J5, Canada;1. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China;2. Key Laboratory of on Site Processing Equipment for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310058, China;3. Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, 100097, China;4. College of Electrical and Automation Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013, China;1. Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Aarhus, Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792 Aarslev, Denmark;2. Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Esbjerg Campus, Niels Bohrs Vej, 8, DK-6700 Esbjerg, Denmark;1. Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;2. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;1. College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China;2. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China;3. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China |
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| Abstract: | Fruit are subjected to several external loads during processes from the orchard to the market, which result in bruising and therefore, quality loss. In this study, we developed a system based on a line laser light source and light detector for a rapid and efficient estimation of the bruise volume of apples (Malus domestica Borkh L. cv. Starking Delicious) dropped from a certain height onto a steel impact plate. We measured two parameters, namely rise time and dwell time, extracted from response signals generated by the proposed system during the impact test. These parameters are related to contact time, showing how long the fruit remains in contact with the impact plate. The experiments were conducted at six different drop heights and two different temperatures. It was found that there was a strong relation with coefficients of determination of more than 0.93 between bruise volume and dwell/rise time, in which the bruise volume decreased with the increasing rise time/dwell time as a power function. Furthermore, the results showed that warm apples developed greater bruise volume than cold fruit, and the estimated regression lines and curves for cold fruit had higher coefficients of determination than those of warmer fruit. |
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| Keywords: | Apples Bruising estimation Impact Contact time Line laser Light detector |
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