骆岗机场鸟类多样性及鸟击风险分析

2007年10月～2008年9月,采用样线调查法对骆岗机场及周边地区不同生境的鸟类进行了调查,根据鸟类相对数量、遇见频率、生境利用率和飞行高度,对机场鸟类鸟击风险进行评价。调查共记录到鸟类84种,其中留鸟26种,夏候鸟26种（留鸟和夏候鸟有3种重叠）,冬候鸟20种,旅鸟15种。繁殖鸟中东洋型27种,古北型20种,广布种2种。在机场外围,农田-鱼塘生境鸟类密度最高。机场围栏附近各生境鸟类密度均高于内部草坪。全年中,机场鸟类密度在秋季达到最高。春季优势种为白头鹎,夏季优势种包括麻雀、八哥、灰椋鸟和家燕,秋季优势种为麻雀和云雀,冬季优势种为黑水鸡。鸟击风险评价结果表明,白头鹎、麻雀、小白鹭、云雀、家燕等11种鸟类鸟击风险最高。建议采取生态环境治理与人工干扰相结合的方法防范鸟击。

Avian Diversity and Bird Strike Risks on Luogang Airport

Avian diversity on Luogang Airport and its surrounding areas was surveyed from October,2007 to September, 2008.84 species of birds,32 families and 11 orders were recorded;among them,were 26 residents,26 summer migrants,20 winter migrants and 15 passing migratory species,3 species were both residents and summer migrants;27 species were Palaearctic, 20 species were oriental and 2 species were cosmopolitan.Around the airport,the density of birds was the highest in fields and ponds and was higher near the fence than on grasslands inside the airport.The bird density was highest in autumn. The dominant species was Pycnonotus sinensis in spring,Passer montanus,Acridotheres cristatellus,Sturnus cineraceus and Hirundo rustica in summer,Passer montanus and Alauda arvensis in autumn and Gallinula chloropus in winter.The most dangerous for flight were 11 species,including Pycnonotus sinensis,Passer montanus,Egretta garzetta,Alauda arvensis, Hirundo rustica and so on.Methods of prevention of bird strikes were discussed.