2001—2012年河南省夏玉米产量变化及生长季气象因子分析

为明确近年来河南省夏玉米产量变化及其与生长季（6—9月）灾害性天气发生规律的关系，统计了2001—2012年河南省农作物受灾面积，夏玉米总产、单产和种植面积，同时利用河南省不同纬度18个台站2001—2013年地面气候资料日值数据，分析了夏玉米生长季6—9月不同气象因子变化规律。结果表明，河南省近年来主要的灾害性天气为干旱、渍涝和风灾；玉米总产的增加主要在于近年来玉米种植面积的增加，单产水平一直处于5550 kg/hm²；玉米生长期，特别是灌浆期（8月）遭受阴雨寡照（低温）、高温干旱是造成玉米单产降低的主要原因之一；倒伏导致减产主要是在玉米灌浆中后期（8—9月）遇到大风灾害性天气。加强在玉米抵御自然灾害性天气能力方面的研究，是提高玉米单产和全面提升玉米生产能力的重要举措。

Analysis of the Change of Production and Meteorological Factors at Henan Summer Maize Growing Season During the Year of 2001-2012

The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between the disaster weather and maize yield during the growing season from June to September. The disaster area of crops, total production of summer maize, single yield and planting area from 2001 to 2012 were statistically analyzed, and using 18 stations ground climatic data of different latitude to find the change law of different meteorological factors in the growing seasons from June to September. The results showed that, the main disaster types were drought, water logging and wind hazard in recent ten years; the main reason for maize total yield growth was the increasing of planting area, and single yield of maize was maintained at 5550 kg/hm²; during the maize growing season, especially for filling stage, rainy sparse sunlight and high temperature and drought were the main causes for the per unit area yield decrease; maize lodging and yield decrease were mainly caused by the gale damage. Strengthening study on the capacity of maize resistance to natural disasters is the important measure for increasing the per unit area yield of maize and improving its production capacity.