我国灌区农业水资源可持续利用问题探讨

本文分析我国灌区农业水资源利用存在的主要问题是水资源短缺与水资源浪费共存、现行体制和政策难以促进有效的节水机制形成、灌溉工程老化、设施薄弱、水资源不合理利用导致生态环境恶化；论述了水价政策对灌区农业水资源可持续利用的影响，提出改革水价以促进灌区节水农业发展的思路；探讨了我国节水农业发展现状与存在的主要问题是节水农业技术不普及，理论认识上存在偏差，注重单项技术，缺乏深入的节水技术综合集成，节水农业创新水平不高，农业节水投资力度不足；提出了我国灌区农业水资源可持续利用的出路是树立可持续利用观念、大力发展节水农业，改革现有管理体制，建立高效有序的水资源管理模式，拉动经济杠杆，建立节水灌溉经济激励机制，建立用户参与管理决策的民主管理机制，建立科学的水价体系，促进地表、地下及降水联调，加强宣传和教育，充分认识水资源危机的紧迫性，为水价改革奠定舆论基础。

Research on sustainable utilization of agricultural water resources in certain irrigation areas in China

Main problem for sustainable utilization of agricultural water resources in China is the coexistence of both shortage and waste of water resources in the irrigation areas in China.It is difficult to form effective water-saving mechanism under the present system and policy.With irrigation projects getting old,facilities weak and water resources unreasonably used,the ecological environment is worsening.The influence of price-making policy to sustainable utilization of agricultural water resources in irrigation areas is elaborated,and ideas to reform the price system to promote water-saving agriculture are proposed.The present situation and the existing problems in water-saving agriculture are discussed,such as lack of technology popularization,deviation on theoretic knowledge,lack of integrated technology,low level of technical innovation and insufficient investment.It is pointed out that the improvement of sustainable utilization of agricultural water resources in irrigation areas relies on setting up the sustainable utilization idea,developing vigorously water-saving agriculture,reforming existing management system,establishing highly effective water resources management pattern,water-saving mechanism and democratic management mechanism to promote united utilization of surface water,ground water and precipitation.