山东省小麦田杂草组成及群落特征

采用倒置“W”型九点取样法对山东省小麦田杂草进行了调查,明确了山东省小麦田田间杂草的种类组成及群落结构。调查结果表明:山东省小麦田杂草共有 69种,隶属于21科,54属,其中禾本科、菊科和十字花科杂草种类最多,禾本科杂草为15种,菊科杂草11种,十字花科杂草8种,优势杂草有播娘蒿、荠菜、猪殃殃、雀麦、麦瓶草、小花糖芥、麦家公、看麦娘、节节麦和打碗花等10种,这10种杂草是构成山东省各地区小麦田杂草群落的优势种,此外区域性优势杂草有15种,一般性杂草有44种。从杂草区域分布来看:山东省7个区域中鲁西南平洼区的物种丰富度、物种多样性和均匀度指数均最高,其次是鲁南山区和鲁中山区,而鲁西北平原区和鲁北滨海区的辛普森指数最高。经聚类分析,山东省小麦田杂草群落分为4组:鲁西南平洼区和鲁南山区群落结构类似为一组,此组杂草种类和数量均多,发生重;胶东丘陵区、胶潍河谷平原区和鲁中山区群落结构类似为一组,此组杂草种类和数量介于中等,发生较重;鲁西北平原区和鲁北滨海区与其他地区差异较大,单独划为两组,这两组杂草发生种类和数量均少,跟其他组差异均较大。

Species composition and characterization of weed communities in wheat fields in Shandong Province

A weed survey was conducted using inverted W-pattern sampling methods to determine the species composition and structure of weed communities in wheat fields in Shandong Province. The taxa found included 69 weed species belonging to 21 families and 54 genera. Among these, 10 species were considered dominant weeds, including Descurainia sophia, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Galium aparine, Bromus japonicus, Silene conoidea, Erysimum cheiranthoides, Lithospermum arvense, Alopecurus aequalis, Aegilops squarrosa, and Calystegin hederacea; 15 species were regional dominant weeds and 44 were normal weed species. Fields in the plain regions of southwest Shandong possessed highest species richness, Shannon-wiener index and Evenness index,while the highest Simpson’s index was found in the plain regions of northwest Shandong and coastal regions of north Shandong. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that weeds in Shandong Province fall into 4 regional groups: hill regions of east Shandong with plain and mountain regions of mid Shandong; mountain regions of south Shandong and plain regions of southwest Shandong; plain regions of northwest Shandong ; and coastal regions of north Shandong.