溶磷微生物菌剂对土壤营养元素及玉米生长的影响

为比较不同溶磷菌剂在田间应用效果,通过田间小区试验,研究3种菌剂草酸青霉I1(I1)、黑曲霉H1(H1)和巨大芽孢杆菌BM(BM)对土壤营养元素动态变化以及玉米产量的影响。结果表明:施用3种菌剂,土壤有效磷含量显著提高,在不同磷水平下,土壤有效磷含量比对照提高6.47%-37.13%。在P₂O₅92 kg·hm^-2水平下,在玉米生长前期,施用3种菌剂,土壤pH值显著降低,土壤交换性Ca、Mg和有效性Fe、Cu、Zn含量以及玉米叶片SOD、POD和CAT酶活性显著增加,而有效Mn的含量降低;总体上,各处理间提高土壤交换性钙、镁和有效锌的能力为H1>I1>BM,提高土壤有效铁能力为H1≥BM>I1,提高土壤有效铜能力为BM>H1>I1。不同磷水平下,施用3种菌剂后,玉米产量显著提高,在P₂O₅92 kg·hm^-2水平下,施用微生物菌剂玉米产量比CK增加8.2%-12.1%,总体上,增产效果为I1>H1>BM。

Effects of Phosphate-solubilizing Microbial Inoculums on Soil Nutrients and Corn Growth

Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms(PSMs), which are commonly found in soil, can solubilize insoluble phosphate(P), reduce phosphorus fertilizer fixation, increase the utilization ratio of P fertilizers, and promote crop growth. In order to analyse the effects of different phosphate-solubilizing microbial inoculums in field, the experiment was conducted to study the effects of soil nutrients and output of corn af-ter three phosphate-solubilizing microbial inoculums in plot experiment. The results showed that available phosphate in soil was increased remarkably after Penicillium oxalate I1(I1), Aspergillus niger H1(H1)and Bacillus Megaterium(BM)were inoculated. When the concer-tration of P₂O₅ were 0, 46, 75 kg·hm ^-2 and 92 kg·hm ^-2, the content of soil available phosphate was increased 6.47%-37.13%. At prophase of corn growth, when P₂O₅ was 92 kg·hm ^-2, the soil pH was decreased, and the soil exchangeable Ca, Mg and available Fe, Cu and Zn were in-creased significantly, and the activity of SOD, POD and CAT enzyme was also increased. However, at the same condition, the content of available Mn was decreased higher than CK. As a whole, the ability of increasing exchangeable Ca, Mg and available Zn was H1>I1>BM, the ability of increasing available Fe was H1>BM>I1, and the ability of increasing available Cu was BM>H1>I1. The output of corn increased remarkable after three inoculums were inoculated, and the output were increased 8.2%-12.1% higher than CK at 92 kg·hm ^-2 of P₂O₅.