黄河白银段水污染成因分析及防治对策

采用2000~2004年黄河白银段水质监测数据,对黄河白银段水质现状进行了评价并对水体中污染物的来源进行了分析。由单因子污染指数评价知,除总大肠菌群、COD和总磷(TP)超标外,所选指标均不超标。由综合污染指数评价知,黄河白银段水质污染较重,从时间变化分析看,丰水期污染严重,平水期和枯水期污染重;从空间变化分析看,青城桥和靖远桥断面水质污染严重,五佛寺断面水质污染重,并且综合污染指数值呈现沿程降低的趋势。由污染物分担率分析知,黄河白银段水体中主要污染物为总大肠菌群、COD和总磷(TP),水体中受面源影响较大的污染物累计分担率达88.08%,受点源影响较大的污染物累计分担率达11.92%。最后,根据水体污染物的主要来源和变化规律,提出了相应的防治措施。

Analysis of the Cause of Water Pollution and Its Control Strategies in Baiyin Reach of the Yellow River

The water quality of the Yellow River in Baiyin reach was assessed and the cause of the pollution was analyzed by single index and comprehensive index.According to the measuring data of water quality of the Yellow River from 2000 to 2004,which was provided by Baiyin Environment Protection Bureau.The results showed that the contents of total coliforms,COD and TP in the Yellow River were many times more than the standards;from time distribution,the pollution of water in high flow period and in average flow period was most severe,the pollution of water was serious in low flow period;from space distribution,the pollution of water in Qingchengqiao was the most serious,the pollution of water in Jingyuanqiao was severer than the pollution of water in Wufosi;total coliforms,COD and TP were main pollutants,the contribution of the pollutants resulted from non-point source which was caused by industrial and agricultural activities were 88.08%,while the contribution of the pollutants resulted from point source which was caused by industrial sewage water and domestic sources were 11.92%;finally,some suggestions to control the water pollution were put forward.