仿刺参多种杂交方式下杂交效果的初步研究

对仿刺参Apostichopus japonicus中国群体（C）与俄罗斯群体（R）杂交子一代F1（C×R）亲参的发育情况及其与中国仿刺参群体多种杂交后代的早期生长情况进行了研究。结果表明：杂交仿刺参子一代F1（C×R）在渤海北部池塘可自然发育成熟,或经人工促熟后发育成熟。3龄成熟子一代个体体重为（246.5±65.1）g,体重为140-400 g,性腺指数为（15.7±1.6）%,卵径为130-160μm。通过人工催产获得成熟精卵,F1（C×R）与C回交,在温度为（20.0±0.5）℃、盐度为31、pH为8.0、溶氧为7.4mg/L的条件下进行幼体培育,并对其生长指标进行测量。结果表明：各组杂交后代在体长、体重方面表现出一定的杂种优势。其中,耳状幼体阶段各组仿刺参生长速度由高到低依次为F1（C×R）♀×C♂〉C♀×F1（C×R）♂〉F1（C×R）♀×F1（C×R）♂〉C♀×C♂;4月龄时各组稚参、幼参体长日增长由高到低依次为F1（C×R）♀×F1（C×R）♂〉C♀×F1（C×R）♂〉C♀×C♂〉F1（C×R）♀×C♂,体重日增长由高到低依次为F1（C×R）♀×F1（C×R）♂〉F1（C×R）♀×C♂〉C♀×F1（C×R）♂〉C♀×C♂。

Crossbreeding of different populations of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Development of crossed stockbrood （ R×C ） of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus from Russia （R） and China（C） and early development of the offsprings from crossbreed R×C with different populations of sea cucumber in China were studied. The results showed the first generation offspring （ F1 ） developed to maturity naturally in outdoor ponds or by artificial procedure indoor. The mature F1 had average body weight of （246.5±65.1 ） g ranging from 140 g to 400 g in 3 years, somatic - gonadal index of （ 15.7±1.6） %, and the eggs with a diameter of 130 - 160 μm. The zygotes from the back cross breeding were found between F1 （ C×R） and C at water temperature of（20.0±0.5 ）℃, salinity of 31, pH 8.0, and dissolved oxygen concentration of 7.4 mg/L. The growth confirmed the advantage in growth rate in the cross offspring： body length in the auricular larvae, F1（ C×R）♀×C♂〉C♀×F1 （ C x R） ♂〉 F1 （ C×R）♀×F1 （ C×R）♂〉 C♀×C♂; body length in the juveniles： 4 months old F1 （C×R）♀×F1（C×R）♂〉C♀×F1 （C×R）♂〉C♀×C♂〉F1（C×R）♀×C♂; weight in juveniles, F1 （C×R）♀×F1（C×R）♂〉F1（C×R）♀×C♂ 〉C♀×F1（C×R）♂〉C♀×C♂.